Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38559346›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2024

Bee chitosan nanoparticles loaded with apitoxin as a novel approach to eradication of common human bacterial, fungal pathogens and treating cancer.

Mohamed Sharaf, Abdullah A Zahra, Maha Alharbi, Alsayed E Mekky, Abdelrazeq M Shehata, Abdulsalam Alkhudhayri, Ahmed M Ali, Ebtesam A Al Suhaimi, Shadi A Zakai, Norah Al Harthi and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
9.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Therapeutic Bioactivity Exerted by theMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.

Mohamed Sharaf *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
Abdullah A Zahra *Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, AL-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Maha AlharbiDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Alsayed E MekkyDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Abdelrazeq M ShehataDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Abdulsalam AlkhudhayriDepartment of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed M AliDepartment of Biology, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.
Ebtesam A Al SuhaimiVice Presidency for Scientific Research and Innovation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Shadi A ZakaiDepartment of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Norah Al HarthiDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Chen-Guang LiuDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
Al-Azhar University · EGImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University · SAKing Abdulaziz University · SAOcean University of China · CNPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University · SAShaqra University · SATaif University · SAUniversity of Hafr Al-Batin · SA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the largest medical challenges because of the rising frequency of opportunistic human microbial infections across the globe. This study aimed to extract chitosan from the exoskeletons of dead bees and load it with bee venom (commercially available as Apitoxin [Api]). Then, the ionotropic gelation method would be used to form nanoparticles that could be a novel drug-delivery system that might eradicate eight common human pathogens (i.e., two fungal and six bacteria strains). It might also be used to treat the human colon cancer cell line (Caco2 ATCC ATP-37) and human liver cancer cell line (HepG2ATCC HB-8065) cancer cell lines. The x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) properties, ζ-potentials, and surface appearances of the nanoparticles were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FTIR and XRD validated that the Api was successfully encapsulated in the chitosan nanoparticles (ChB NPs). According to the TEM, the ChB NPs and the ChB NPs loaded with Apitoxin (Api@ChB NPs) had a spherical shape and uniform size distribution, with non-aggregation, for an average size of approximately 182 and 274 ± 3.8 nm, respectively, and their Zeta potential values were 37.8 ± 1.2 mV and - 10.9 mV, respectively. The Api@ChB NPs had the greatest inhibitory effect against all tested strains compared with the ChB NPs and Api alone. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the Api, ChB NPs, and Api@ChB NPs were evaluated against the offer mentioned colony forming units (CFU/mL), and their lowest MIC values were 30, 25, and 12.5 μg mL

Indexed as

antimicrobial resistanceApis melliferaapitoxinbee’s chitosan NPscolon cancerdrug delivery system

Identifiers

PMID38559346
PMCPMC10978808
OpenAlexW4392859082

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.