ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2024
Short-chain fatty acids: linking diet, the microbiome and immunity.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 918 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
918 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 989 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of short-chain fatty acids in spinal cord injury: A systematic review of human and animal evidence.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Sodium Butyrate Therapy in Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Alcohol Consumption and Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Primates: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Zearalenone exposure and the mammalian gut microbiome: a systematic review of the literature.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Pooled it
- Circulating Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) profiles as a biomarker of gut-brain axis dysfunction: A meta-analysis for the SCFA signature in major depression.Biomedical journal · 2026Pooled it
- Anti-inflammatory effects of Bifidobacterium infantis M-63 during the early postnatal period in term infants.Pediatric research · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Modulating the gut microbiota to enhance immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in colorectal cancer: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and clinical perspectives.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- The gut microbiota and host immunity synergistically orchestrate colonization resistance.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Gut microbiome and pregnancy complications: emerging evidence and mechanistic insights.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Decoding the microbiome: artificial intelligence-targeted gut microenvironment breakthroughs in personalized cancer therapy.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Antenatal depressive symptoms impair offspring neurodevelopment by inducing maternal gut microbiota dysbiosis during pregnancy.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Host metabolism shapes the intestinal microbiota: a top-down paradigm of environmental selection pressure.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Overconsumption of fructose aggravates acute GVHD by inducing gut dysbiosis and promoting macrophage-mediated inflammatory response.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Dietary and nutritional strategies for reducing disease risk associated with antibiotic-induced dysbiosis.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Article
- PD-1 blockade promotes mucosal CD4+ T cell IL-10 production through altering microbiota to reduce intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Article
858 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate, propionate and acetate are microbial metabolites and their availability in the gut and other organs is determined by environmental factors, such as diet and use of antibiotics, that shape the diversity and metabolism of the microbiota. SCFAs regulate epithelial barrier function as well as mucosal and systemic immunity via evolutionary conserved processes that involve G protein-coupled receptor signalling or histone deacetylase activity. Indicatively, the anti-inflammatory role of butyrate is mediated through direct effects on the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells, phagocytes, B cells and plasma cells, and regulatory and effector T cells. Intestinally derived SCFAs also directly and indirectly affect immunity at extra-intestinal sites, such as the liver, the lungs, the reproductive tract and the brain, and have been implicated in a range of disorders, including infections, intestinal inflammation, autoimmunity, food allergies, asthma and responses to cancer therapies. An ecological understanding of microbial communities and their interrelated metabolic states, as well as the engineering of butyrogenic bacteria may support SCFA-focused interventions for the prevention and treatment of immune-mediated diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.