SynthesisFrontiers in psychiatry2024
Systematic review and meta-analysis of neurofeedback and its effect on posttraumatic stress disorder.
Synthesis in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of EEG neurofeedback combined with pharmacological treatment on the positive and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Network-level structural alterations distinguish persistent from remitted post-traumatic stress disorder: a morphometric covariance approach.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Real-Time EEG-Derived Amygdala Neurofeedback for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Clinical Case Series.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Augmenting evidence-based PTSD psychotherapy with neuroscientifically informed interventions: A mind-body-brain approach.Journal of military, veteran and family health · 2026Article
- Advances in the Application of Brain-Computer Interface-Based Neurofeedback Training in the Rehabilitation of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Review
- Subjective regulation success mediates the influence of neurofeedback performance on mood in the absence of training effects.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Cost Effectiveness of Adjunctive Neurofeedback vs. Psychotherapy or Pharmacotherapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Multilevel and multimodal biobehavioral methods in the study of stress, trauma, and resilience: a systems approach.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Review
- Evolving Psychotherapeutic Approaches for PTSD: Beyond the Fear-Based Model.Psychiatry and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Study protocol for a multi-session randomized sham-controlled trial of PCC- and amygdala-targeted neurofeedback for the treatment of PTSD.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Can Amygdala-Derived-EEG-fMRI-Pattern (EFP) Neurofeedback Treat Sleep Disturbances in PTSD?Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of neurofeedback training efficacy and neural mechanisms in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Enhanced cognitive control following neurofeedback therapy in chronic treatment-resistant PTSD among refugees: a feasibility study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: To date, only one systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has evaluated the effect of neurofeedback in PTSD, which included only four studies and found an uncertainty of the effect of EEG-NF on PTSD symptoms. This meta-analysis is an update considering that numerous studies have since been published. Additionally, more recent studies have included fMRI-NF as well as fMRI-guided or -inspired EEG NF. Methods: Systematic literature searches for RCTs were conducted in three online databases. Additional hand searches of each study identified and of systematic reviews and meta-analyses published were also undertaken. Outcomes evaluated the effect of neurofeedback vs. a control (active, sham, and waiting list) on their effects in reducing PTSD symptoms using various health instruments. Meta-analytical methods used were inverse variance random-effects models measuring both mean and standardized mean differences. Quality and certainty of the evidence were assessed using GRADE. Adverse events were also evaluated. Results: A total of 17 studies were identified evaluating a total of 628 patients. There were 10 studies used in the meta-analysis. Results from all studies identified favored neurofeedback's effect on reducing PTSD symptoms including BDI pretest-posttest [mean difference (MD): 8.30 (95% CI: 3.09 to 13.52; P = 0.002; Conclusion: Based on newer published studies and the outcomes measured, NF has demonstrated a clinically meaningful effect size, with an increased effect size at follow-up. This clinically meaningful effect appears to be driven by newer fMRI-guided NF and deeper brain derivates of it.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.