ArticleImmunity, inflammation and disease2024
Correlation between inflammatory factors, autophagy protein levels, and infection in granulation tissue of diabetic foot ulcer.
Article in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging Role of Ferroptosis in Diabetes and Associated Complications: When Metabolic Dysregulation Meets Cell Death.Cell proliferation · 2026Review
- Microbial dysbiosis and wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers: a mini review with a note on the role of artificial intelligence.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Establishment and evaluation of a novel tool based on inflammation-nutrition derived biomarkers for early diagnosis of diabetic foot ulcers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- [Research on the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetic foot ulcer wounds].Zhonghua shao shang yu chuang mian xiu fu za zhi · 2025Review
- FGFR2 identified as a NETs-associated biomarker and therapeutic target in diabetic foot ulcers.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 Improves Wound Healing in Diabetes by Decreasing Inflammation and Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Investigation of the effect of debridement combined with antibiotic-loaded bone cement on pain and psychological status in diabetic foot ulcer patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Management of diabetic foot ulcers: polyherbal formulations and novel delivery systems for herbal active components.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic ulcers: pathophysiological mechanisms and targeted therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Correlation between inflammatory factors, autophagy protein levels, and infection in granulation tissue of diabetic foot ulcer.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo observe the expression of inflammatory factors and autophagy-related proteins in granulation tissue of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) patients and analyze their relationship with infection.
methodsThis is a retrospective cohort study. One hundred and fifty-two patients with DFU in our hospital from July 2020 to March 2022 were selected as the DFU group, including 98 cases in infection stage group and 54 cases in infection control group. The patients were further graded as the mild (51 cases), the moderate (65 cases), and the severe infection group (36 cases) according to the Wagner grading criteria. Sixty-seven patients with foot burns during the same period were selected as the control group. The distribution of pathogenic bacteria on the ulcer surface was examined using fully automated bacterial analyzer. The expression of inflammatory factors (procalcitonin [PCT], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) was valued by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Protein expression was measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The correlation was analyzed by Pearson.
resultsThe surface infection of DFU patients was mostly induced by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa predominating among the Gram-negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus among the gram-positive bacteria. The infection stage group had higher content of PCT, TNF-α, and IL-6 and lower content of Beclin-1 and LC3 than the infection control group (p < .001). The levels of PCT, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the DFU patients with cardiovascular events were higher than those in the nonoccurrence group (p < .001). Glycated hemoglobin in patients with DFU was positively correlated with PCT, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels (p < .05), and negatively correlated with Beclin-1 and LC3 levels (p < .001).
conclusionP. aeruginosa and S. aureus were predominant bacterial in DFU infections. Inflammatory factor and autophagy protein expression were closely correlated with the degree of infection.
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