Evidence mapPaperPMID 38594659Full record

Observational studyBMC medical education2024

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of insulin among diabetic patients and pharmacists in Egypt: "cross-sectional observational study".

Alaa H Mohamed, Maggie M Abbassi, Nirmeen A Sabry

Open access · goldAbstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMC medical education, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 22% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Alaa H MohamedDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, P.O. Box: 11562, Cairo, Egypt. alaa.hamed@pharma.cu.edu.eg.
Maggie M AbbassiDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, P.O. Box: 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
Nirmeen A SabryDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, P.O. Box: 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
Cairo University · EG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDiabetes recently has been identified as a growing epidemic. Although insulin's vital role in both types of diabetes, it is considered one of the harmful medications if used incorrectly. In Egypt, effective usage of insulin remains a challenge due to insufficient knowledge of insulin and diabetes management, leading to errors in insulin therapy. As pharmacists are experts in pharmacological knowledge, they are uniquely situated to assess adherence to treatment regimens, the effect of drug therapy, or potential alterations in drug therapy to meet patient goals. To provide effective patient education and counseling, community pharmacists in Egypt should be efficiently knowledgeable about diabetes and insulin.

objectiveTo identify the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacists and patients about insulin. To identify pharmacists' educational preparedness and confidence in counseling diabetic patients.

methodsA descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with two knowledge, attitude, and practice surveys. This study was carried out from September 2016 to February 2023. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with patients, and a paper-based questionnaire was administered to pharmacists. The two questionnaires were adapted from previous studies.

resultsA total of 492 patients and 465 pharmacists participated in this study. The mean knowledge score of correct answers among patients and pharmacists was 10.67 ± 1.9 and 15 ± 3.6. Most of the patients and pharmacists had a positive attitude regarding insulin's role in improving health and to better control blood glucose. On the negative side, around half of the patients reported that they believe that regular use of insulin leads to addiction, while only 14.5% of the pharmacists believed that insulin could cause addiction. Self-confidence scores for pharmacists differed statistically with sex, years of experience, and pharmacist's direct exposure to diabetic patients.

conclusionsThis study uncovers considerable deficiencies in patients' and pharmacists' knowledge about insulin therapy. This study also strongly recommends higher education and a more structured pharmacist training schedule.

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusPharmacistsAttitude of Health PersonnelCross-Sectional StudiesEgyptHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansInsulinSurveys and QuestionnairesInsulinAttitudeDiabetic patientEgyptInsulinKnowledgePharmacistsPracticeSelf-confidence

Identifiers

PMID38594659
PMCPMC11005131
OpenAlexW4394621509

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.