Trial reportJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2024
Unsupervised robot-assisted rehabilitation after stroke: feasibility, effect on therapy dose, and user experience.
Trial report in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04388891 (Clinical Feasibility of Minimally Supervised Therapy After Stroke With a Hand Rehabilitation Robot), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Clinical Feasibility of Minimally Supervised Therapy After Stroke With a Hand Rehabilitation Robot (ReHapticKnob): Pilot and Main Study
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- On the correlation between training modalities and recovery stages in poststroke robotic rehabilitation of the upper limb: a systematic review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- Examining the effectiveness of motor imagery combined with non-invasive brain stimulation for upper limb recovery in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Pooled it
- Feasibility of post-stroke hand rehabilitation supported by a soft robotic hand orthosis in-clinic and at-home.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Self-directed and caregiver-assisted technology-based interventions in inpatient stroke rehabilitation: A scoping review.Clinical rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Network-oriented neurorehabilitation after stroke: a paradigmatic approach.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Review
- Implementing Rehabilitation Robotics in Routine Care: A Mapping Review of Service Delivery Models, Implementation Determinants, Strategies, and Real-World Outcomes.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Poststroke Neurorehabilitation Using a Soft Robotic Glove Combined With a Virtual Environment: Preliminary Study on Feasibility, Safety, Effects, and User Satisfaction.JMIR neurotechnology · 2025Article
- A Networked Intelligent Elderly Care Model Based on Nursing Robots to Achieve Healthy Aging.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- Structural and functional disconnections in non-acute post-stroke patients.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Integrating Machine Learning with Robotic Rehabilitation May Support Prediction of Recovery of the Upper Limb Motor Function in Stroke Survivors.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Effects of robot-assisted hand function therapy on brain functional mechanisms: a synchronized study using fNIRS and sEMG.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUnsupervised robot-assisted rehabilitation is a promising approach to increase the dose of therapy after stroke, which may help promote sensorimotor recovery without requiring significant additional resources and manpower. However, the unsupervised use of robotic technologies is not yet a standard, as rehabilitation robots often show low usability or are considered unsafe to be used by patients independently. In this paper we explore the feasibility of unsupervised therapy with an upper limb rehabilitation robot in a clinical setting, evaluate the effect on the overall therapy dose, and assess user experience during unsupervised use of the robot and its usability.
methodsSubacute stroke patients underwent a four-week protocol composed of daily 45 min-sessions of robot-assisted therapy. The first week consisted of supervised therapy, where a therapist explained how to interact with the device. The second week was minimally supervised, i.e., the therapist was present but intervened only if needed. After this phase, if participants learnt how to use the device, they proceeded to two weeks of fully unsupervised training. Feasibility, dose of robot-assisted therapy achieved during unsupervised use, user experience, and usability of the device were evaluated. Questionnaires to evaluate usability and user experience were performed after the minimally supervised week and at the end of the study, to evaluate the impact of therapists' absence.
resultsUnsupervised robot-assisted therapy was found to be feasible, as 12 out of the 13 recruited participants could progress to unsupervised training. During the two weeks of unsupervised therapy participants on average performed an additional 360 min of robot-assisted rehabilitation. Participants were satisfied with the device usability (mean System Usability Scale scores > 79), and no adverse events or device deficiencies occurred.
conclusionsWe demonstrated that unsupervised robot-assisted therapy in a clinical setting with an actuated device for the upper limb was feasible and can lead to a meaningful increase in therapy dose. These results support the application of unsupervised robot-assisted therapy as a complement to usual care in clinical settings and pave the way to its application in home settings.
trial registrationRegistered on 13.05.2020 on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04388891).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.