Evidence mapPaperPMID 38626029Full record

ReviewJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2024

Common questions and misconceptions about protein supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?

Jose Antonio, Cassandra Evans, Arny A Ferrando, Jeffrey R Stout, Brandi Antonio, Harry Cinteo, Patrick Harty, Shawn M Arent, Darren G Candow, Scott C Forbes and 4 more

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
7.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Observational
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  6. Observational
  7. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.

Jose AntonioNova Southeastern University, Department of Health and Human Performance, Davie, FL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8930-1058
Cassandra EvansNova Southeastern University, Department of Health and Human Performance, Davie, FL, USA.
Arny A FerrandoUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Geriatrics, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Jeffrey R StoutUniversity of Central Florida, School of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Science, Orlando, FL, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6114-1649
Brandi AntonioUniversity of Central Florida, School of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Science, Orlando, FL, USA.
Harry CinteoLindenwood University, Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, St. Charles, MO, USA.
Patrick HartyLindenwood University, Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, St. Charles, MO, USA.
Shawn M ArentUniversity of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0647-0591
Darren G CandowUniversity of Regina, Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Regina, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-6655-4482
Scott C ForbesBrandon University, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Brandon, MB, Canada.
Chad M KerksickLindenwood University, Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, St. Charles, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0458-7294
Flavia PereiraKeiser University, Exercise and Sport Science, West Palm Beach Flagship Campus, West Palm Beach, FL, USA.ORCID 0009-0009-0141-3994
Drew GonzalezTexas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, College Station, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7279-4968
Richard B KreiderTexas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, College Station, TX, USA.
Lindenwood University · USNova Southeastern University · USTexas A&M University · USUniversity of Central Florida · USBrandon University · CAKeiser University · USUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences · USUniversity of Regina · CAUniversity of South Carolina · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Protein supplementation often refers to increasing the intake of this particular macronutrient through dietary supplements in the form of powders, ready-to-drink shakes, and bars. The primary purpose of protein supplementation is to augment dietary protein intake, aiding individuals in meeting their protein requirements, especially when it may be challenging to do so through regular food (i.e. chicken, beef, fish, pork, etc.) sources alone. A large body of evidence shows that protein has an important role in exercising and sedentary individuals. A PubMed search of "protein and exercise performance" reveals thousands of publications. Despite the considerable volume of evidence, it is somewhat surprising that several persistent questions and misconceptions about protein exist. The following are addressed: 1) Is protein harmful to your kidneys? 2) Does consuming "excess" protein increase fat mass? 3) Can dietary protein have a harmful effect on bone health? 4) Can vegans and vegetarians consume enough protein to support training adaptations? 5) Is cheese or peanut butter a good protein source? 6) Does consuming meat (i.e., animal protein) cause unfavorable health outcomes? 7) Do you need protein if you are not physically active? 8) Do you

Indexed as

Dietary ProteinsPhysical EnduranceDietary SupplementsExerciseHumansMuscle, SkeletalDietary ProteinsErogenic aidexerciseperformancesupplement

Identifiers

PMID38626029
PMCPMC11022925
OpenAlexW4394841425

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.