Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38638433›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Zeynep Akbulut, Başak Aru, Furkan Aydın, Gülderen Yanıkkaya Demirel

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
7.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  4. Emerging Immune-Based Therapeutic Strategies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Zeynep Akbulut *Cancer and Stem Cell Research Center, Maltepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Başak Aru *Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Furkan AydınDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Gülderen Yanıkkaya DemirelDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Yeditepe University · TRMaltepe University · TR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite advances in cancer treatment, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of liver cancer, remains a major public health problem worldwide. The immune microenvironment plays a critical role in regulating tumor progression and resistance to therapy, and in HCC, the tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by an abundance of immunosuppressive cells and signals that facilitate immune evasion and metastasis. Recently, anti-cancer immunotherapies, therapeutic interventions designed to modulate the immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer, have become an important cornerstone of cancer therapy. Immunotherapy has demonstrated the ability to improve survival and provide durable cancer control in certain groups of HCC patients, while reducing adverse side effects. These findings represent a significant step toward improving cancer treatment outcomes. As demonstrated in clinical trials, the administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly in combination with anti-angiogenic agents and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, has prolonged survival in a subset of patients with HCC, providing an alternative for patients who progress on first-line therapy. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of HCC and the role of the immune system in its development, and to summarize the findings of clinical trials involving ICIs, either as monotherapies or in combination with other agents in the treatment of the disease. Challenges and considerations regarding the administration of ICIs in the treatment of HCC are also outlined.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, HepatocellularLiver NeoplasmsAngiogenesis InhibitorsHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunotherapyTumor MicroenvironmentAngiogenesis InhibitorsImmune Checkpoint Inhibitorsanticancer immunityhepatocellular carcinomaimmune checkpoint inhibitionimmune checkpoint proteinstumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID38638433
PMCPMC11024234
OpenAlexW4393944528

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.