Evidence mapPaperPMID 38650677Full record

ReviewJournal of pharmaceutical policy and practice2024

A systematic review of the economic burden of diabetes mellitus: contrasting perspectives from high and low middle-income countries.

Muhammad Daoud Butt, Siew Chin Ong, Azra Rafiq, Muhammad Nasir Kalam, Ahsan Sajjad, Muhammad Abdullah, Tooba Malik, Fatima Yaseen, Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Muhammad Daoud ButtSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5050-8011
Siew Chin OngSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9750-9588
Azra RafiqDepartment of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1760-0136
Muhammad Nasir KalamDepartment of Pharmacy, The Sahara University, Narowal, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-7164
Ahsan SajjadIbn Sina Community Clinic, South Wilcrest Drive, Houston, Texas, USA.
Muhammad AbdullahDepartment of Pharmacy, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, Lahore, Pakistan.
Tooba MalikDepartment of Public Health, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Fatima YaseenNational Institute of Psychology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Zaheer-Ud-Din BabarDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1051-3240

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes increases preventative sickness and costs healthcare and productivity. Type 2 diabetes and macrovascular disease consequences cause most diabetes-related costs. Type 2 diabetes greatly costs healthcare institutions, reducing economic productivity and efficiency. This cost of illness (COI) analysis examines the direct and indirect costs of treating and managing type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Medline Plus, and CENTRAL were searched for relevant articles on type 1 and type 2 diabetes illness costs. The inquiry returned 873 2011-2023 academic articles. The study included 42 papers after an abstract evaluation of 547 papers. Results: Most articles originated in Asia and Europe, primarily on type 2 diabetes. The annual cost per patient ranged from USD87 to USD9,581. Prevalence-based cost estimates ranged from less than USD470 to more than USD3475, whereas annual pharmaceutical prices ranged from USD40 to more than USD450, with insulin exhibiting the greatest disparity. Care for complications was generally costly, although costs varied significantly by country and problem type. Discussion: This study revealed substantial heterogeneity in diabetes treatment costs; some could be reduced by improving data collection, analysis, and reporting procedures. Diabetes is an expensive disease to treat in low- and middle-income countries, and attaining Universal Health Coverage should be a priority for the global health community.

Indexed as

cost analysiscost of diseaseCost-of-illnessdiabeteseconomic burdenhealthcare costs

Identifiers

PMID38650677
PMCPMC11034455

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.