Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38663919›Full record

ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2024

Effect of combination treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on incidence of cardiovascular and serious renal events: population based cohort study.

Nikita Simms-Williams, Nir Treves, Hui Yin, Sally Lu, Oriana Yu, Richeek Pradhan, Christel Renoux, Samy Suissa, Laurent Azoulay

Erratum issued 3 registry-linked trialsOpen access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It reports registered trial NCT07465926. Cited by 85 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
85citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
33.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07465926 completed

Associations of Early Add-On GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and SGLT2 Inhibitor Therapy With Mortality and Kidney Outcomes in Adults With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Across Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Stages 2-3: A Target-Trial Emulation

Ran2017Enrolled451,036Registered outcomes12Posted comparisons0ConditionsCardiovascular Disease Risk Factor, Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic Syndrome, Kidney Disease, Obesity & OverweightArmsGLP-1 receptor agonist, SGLT2 inhibitor
PMID 32114848PMID 38785209PMID 40281304PMID 27295427PMID 30132036PMID 40014670PMID 39992643PMID 39961105PMID 39651975PMID 39651970PMID 39588897PMID 39556396other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
NCT07566299 completednot on this map

Early GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and SGLT2 Inhibitor Add-On Strategies in Adults With Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Stage 2-3, and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Target Trial Emulation

TypeobservationalSponsorChung Shan Medical UniversityRan2017 to 2026Enrolled118,805ConditionsObesity Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic Syndrome, Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
NCT07708610 not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Preadmission GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Plus SGLT2 Inhibitor Use and Early Outcomes After Pneumonia Hospitalization in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Target Trial Emulation

TypeobservationalSponsorChung Shan Medical UniversityRan2026 to 2026Enrolled71,775ConditionsPneumonia, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

85 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.

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25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.

Nikita Simms-WilliamsInstitute of Applied Health Research College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Nir TrevesDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Hui YinInstitute of Applied Health Research College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Sally LuCentre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
Oriana YuCentre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
Richeek PradhanDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Christel RenouxCentre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
Samy SuissaCentre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
Laurent AzoulayCentre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada laurent.azoulay@mcgill.ca.ORCID 0000-0001-5162-3556
Jewish General Hospital · CAUniversity of Birmingham · GBBrigham and Women's Hospital · USHebrew University of Jerusalem · IL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine whether the combined use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors is associated with a decreased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and serious renal events compared with either drug class alone among patients with type 2 diabetes, and to assess the effect of the combination on the individual components of major adverse cardiovascular events, heart failure, and all cause mortality.

designPopulation based cohort study using a prevalent new-user design, emulating a trial.

settingUK Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care and Office for National Statistics databases.

participantsTwo prevalent new-user cohorts were assembled between January 2013 and December 2020, with follow-up until the end of March 2021. The first cohort included 6696 patients who started GLP-1 receptor agonists and added on SGLT-2 inhibitors, and the second included 8942 patients who started SGLT-2 inhibitors and added on GLP-1 receptor agonists. Combination users were matched, in a 1:1 ratio, to patients prescribed the same background drug, duration of background drug, and time conditional propensity score.

main outcome measuresCox proportional hazards models were fitted to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of major adverse cardiovascular events and serious renal events, separately, comparing the GLP-1 receptor agonist-SGLT-2 inhibitor combination with the background drug, either GLP-1 receptor agonists or SGLT-2 inhibitors, depending on the cohort. Secondary outcomes included associations with the individual components of major adverse cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, cardiovascular mortality), heart failure, and all cause mortality.

resultsCompared with GLP-1 receptor agonists, the SGLT-2 inhibitor-GLP-1 receptor agonist combination was associated with a 30% lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (7.0

conclusionsIn this cohort study, the GLP-1 receptor agonist-SGLT-2 inhibitor combination was associated with a lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and serious renal events compared with either drug class alone.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsAgedCohort StudiesDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedUnited KingdomGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID38663919
PMCPMC11043905
OpenAlexW4395446333

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.