ReviewPsychoradiology2022
Neurobiological mechanisms and related clinical treatment of addiction: a review.
Review in Psychoradiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Alcohol Craving, Efficacy, Emotion, and Cognitive Function in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial.Brain and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Functional magnetic response imaging predictors of alcohol use disorder treatment outcome: a systematic review.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of a high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for craving reduction in adolescents with gaming disorder: a 4-week randomized control trial with 24-week follow-up.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Trial
- Telehealth tDCS to reduce cannabis use: A pilot RCT in multiple sclerosis as a framework for generalized use.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Trial
- Dissociation of decision-making from escalated drug intake within a long-access model.Behavioural brain research · 2026Article
- Exercise Training Interventions as Therapeutic Approaches in Substance Use Disorder Treatment: A Scoping Review of Direct Clinical Outcomes and Implementation Strategies.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Genome-wide association study of cocaine self-administration behavior in Heterogeneous Stock rats.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Not just neurons: glial mechanisms driving sex-specific vulnerability to withdrawal and relapse in substance use disorder.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Treating addiction with an addictive drug: the ketamine paradox revisited.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Atypical contributions of reward decisions to momentary mood in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Hypocretin signaling in the central amygdala drives methamphetamine self-administration in male rats.Neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- Development of a Cohesive Predictive Model for Substance Use Disorder Rehabilitation Using Passive Digital Biomarkers, Psychological Assessments, and Automated Facial Emotion Recognition: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Neuroimmune modulatory effects of the NLRP3 inflammasome: the role of sex and living environment in brain affecting conditions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The influence of drug class on reward in substance use disorders.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2024Review
- Mapping structural covariance networks of emotional withdrawal symptoms in males with methamphetamine use disorder during abstinence.Addiction biology · 2024Article
- Review
- The therapeutic potential of low-intensity focused ultrasound for treating substance use disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Insula Connectivity Abnormalities Predict Impulsivity in Chronic Heroin Use Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Resting-State fMRI Study.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- An electroencephalography connectome predictive model of craving for methamphetamine.International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHPArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Drug addiction or substance use disorder (SUD), has been conceptualized as a three-stage (i.e. binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation/craving) recurring cycle that involves complex changes in neuroplasticity, reward, motivation, desire, stress, memory, and cognitive control, and other related brain regions and brain circuits. Neuroimaging approaches, including magnetic resonance imaging, have been key to mapping neurobiological changes correlated to complex brain regions of SUD. In this review, we highlight the neurobiological mechanisms of these three stages of addiction. The abnormal activity of the ventral tegmental, nucleus accumbens, and caudate nucleus in the binge/intoxication stage involve the reward circuit of the midbrain limbic system. The changes in the orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hypothalamus emotional system in the withdrawal/negative affect stage involve increases in negative emotional states, dysphoric-like effects, and stress-like responses. The dysregulation of the insula and prefrontal lobes is associated with craving in the anticipation stage. Then, we review the present treatments of SUD based on these neuroimaging findings. Finally, we conclude that SUD is a chronically relapsing disorder with complex neurobiological mechanisms and multimodal stages, of which the craving stage with high relapse rate may be the key element in treatment efficacy of SUD. Precise interventions targeting different stages of SUD and characteristics of individuals might serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for SUD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.