ArticlePolymers2024
Color and Chemical Stability of 3D-Printed and Thermoformed Polyurethane-Based Aligners.
Article in Polymers, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Ageing effects on chemical, physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of clear aligners - a systematic review.Progress in orthodontics · 2026Pooled it
- Hygroscopic behaviour and colour stability of 3D-printed and thermoformed aligner materials: an in vitro study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Impact of Different Cleaning Protocols on the Optical and Morphological Properties of 3D-Printed Aligners After In Vitro Aging.European journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- Article
- Influence of 3D Printer Type, Resin Material, Thickness, and Geometry on the Mechanical Properties of Directly Printed Clear Aligners.Polymers · 2026Article
- Influence of varying oral pH conditions on the material stability of thermoplastic orthodontic aligners: an in vitro study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Color improvement and stability of orthodontic clear aligners following different cleaning protocols.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Effects of microplastic release from 3D-printed orthodontic aligners: a histological and immunological bioassay approach.European journal of orthodontics · 2026Article
- Next-Generation Orthodontics: Functional Resins, Biomechanics, Biocompatibility, and Current Clinical Reality of Direct 3D-Printed Aligners.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Orthodontic derived microplastics impact macrophage differentiation and homeostasis.Progress in orthodontics · 2026Article
- In Vitro Mechanical Study of Three-Dimensional Printed Invisible Dental Aligners for Crowded Dentition Problems: A Patient-Specific Study.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effect of cigarette smoke on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion of orthodontic aligners: an in vitro investigation.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Evaluating chemical and surface stability of thermoformed and 3D-printed clear aligners after intraoral exposure.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
- Measurement of Aligner Thickness and Gap Width in Two Types of Clear Aligner Sheets Manufactured Using Two Different Thermoforming Machines - A Nano-CT Pilot Study.Turkish journal of orthodontics · 2025Article
- Influence of Water Storage on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Aligners: An In Vitro Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Effect of Cleansing Agents on the Color Stability of Stained Clear Aligners: An In Vitro Study.Cureus · 2025Article
- Biocompatibility and Safety of 3D Printing Resins for Orthodontic Aligners: A Critical Review of Current Evidence.Polymers · 2025Review
- Evaluation of color stability and material surface stability of different types of clear aligners under curcumin staining in vitro.BMC oral health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The significant rise in the use of clear aligners for orthodontic treatment is attributed to their aesthetic appeal, enhancing patient appearance and self-confidence. The aim of this study is to evaluate the aligners' response to common staining agents (coffee, black tea, Coca-Cola, and Red Bull) in color and chemical stability. Polyurethane-based thermoformed and 3D-printed aligners from four brands were exposed to common beverages to assess color change using a VITA Easyshade compact colorimeter after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days, as well as chemical stability using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The brand, beverage, and manufacturing method significantly influence color stability. ATR-FTIR analysis revealed compositional differences, with variations in response to beverage exposure affecting the integrity of polymer bonds. Color change analysis showed coffee as the most potent staining agent, particularly affecting Tera Harz TC85 aligners, while ClearCorrect aligners exhibited the least susceptibility. 3D-printed aligners showed a greater color change compared to thermoformed ones. Aligners with a PETG outer layer are more resistant to stains and chemical alterations than those made of polyurethane. Additionally, 3D-printed polyurethane aligners stain more than thermoformed ones. Therefore, PETG-layered aligners are a more reliable choice for maintaining the aesthetic integrity of aligners.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.