Evidence mapPaperPMID 38680498Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024

CAR-based immunotherapy for breast cancer: peculiarities, ongoing investigations, and future strategies.

Zhipu Niu, Jingyuan Wu, Qiancheng Zhao, Jinyu Zhang, Pengyu Zhang, Yiming Yang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
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  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Oncology research · 2026
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
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  15. Article
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  17. Article
  18. Article
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  20. Strategies for Altering Delivery Technologies to Optimize CAR Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Zhipu NiuClinical Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Jingyuan WuClinical Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Qiancheng ZhaoDepartment of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Jinyu ZhangDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Pengyu ZhangClinical Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Yiming YangDepartment of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Surgery, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy have improved the overall survival and postoperative recurrence rates of Luminal A, Luminal B, and HER2-positive breast cancers but treatment modalities for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with poor prognosis remain limited. The effective application of the rapidly developing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy in hematological tumors provides new ideas for the treatment of breast cancer. Choosing suitable and specific targets is crucial for applying CAR-T therapy for breast cancer treatment. In this paper, we summarize CAR-T therapy's effective targets and potential targets in different subtypes based on the existing research progress, especially for TNBC. CAR-based immunotherapy has resulted in advancements in the treatment of breast cancer. CAR-macrophages, CAR-NK cells, and CAR-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be more effective and safer for treating solid tumors, such as breast cancer. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) of breast tumors and the side effects of CAR-T therapy pose challenges to CAR-based immunotherapy. CAR-T cells and CAR-NK cells-derived exosomes are advantageous in tumor therapy. Exosomes carrying CAR for breast cancer immunotherapy are of immense research value and may provide a treatment modality with good treatment effects. In this review, we provide an overview of the development and challenges of CAR-based immunotherapy in treating different subtypes of breast cancer and discuss the progress of CAR-expressing exosomes for breast cancer treatment. We elaborate on the development of CAR-T cells in TNBC therapy and the prospects of using CAR-macrophages, CAR-NK cells, and CAR-MSCs for treating breast cancer.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsImmunotherapy, AdoptiveReceptors, Chimeric AntigenAnimalsExosomesFemaleHumansKiller Cells, NaturalT-LymphocytesTriple Negative Breast NeoplasmsTumor MicroenvironmentReceptors, Chimeric Antigenbreast cancerCAR-MCAR-NKCAR-TexosomeTMETNBC

Identifiers

PMID38680498
PMCPMC11045891

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.