Evidence mapPaperPMID 38697267Full record

ArticleOphthalmology2024

Eye Care in Federally Qualified Health Centers.

Maria A Woodward, Patrice M Hicks, Kristen Harris-Nwanyanwu, Bobeck Modjtahedi, R V Paul Chan, Emily L Vogt, Ming-Chen Lu, Paula Anne Newman-Casey, American Academy of Ophthalmology Taskforce on Ophthalmology and Community Health Centers

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Ophthalmology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
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  9. Access to vision care for children from immigrant and nonimmigrant households: evidence from the National Survey of Children's Health 2018-2019.Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · 2024
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Maria A WoodwardDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address: mariawoo@med.umich.edu.
Patrice M HicksDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Kristen Harris-NwanyanwuDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
Bobeck ModjtahediDepartment of Research and Evaluation, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena, California; Department of Clinical Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California; Eye Monitoring Center, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Baldwin Park, California.
R V Paul ChanDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
Emily L VogtDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Ming-Chen LuDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Paula Anne Newman-CaseyDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
American Academy of Ophthalmology Taskforce on Ophthalmology and Community Health Centers

Funding

VISION RESEARCHP30EY007003 · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · 1987 to 2025
$4.1M
Translational Core for Therapeutic and Diagnostic DevelopmentP30EY001792 · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · 1985 to 2025
$3.9M
Quantifying and Understanding Glaucoma Eye Drop Medication Instillation and AdherenceR01EB032328 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · 2022 to 2025
$1.2M
IRACDA at the University of MichiganK12GM111725 · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · 2025 to 2025
$911k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002240NCCDPHP CDC HHS U01 DP006442NEI NIH HHS K23 EY030530NEI NIH HHS P30 EY001792NEI NIH HHS P30 EY007003NEI NIH HHS R01 EY031033NEI NIH HHS R01 EY031337NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB032328NIGMS NIH HHS K12 GM111725
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo assess changes in vision care availability at Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) between 2017 and 2021 and whether neighborhood-level demographic social risk factors (SRFs) associated with eye care services provided by FQHCs.

designSecondary data analysis of the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) data and 2017-2021 American Community Survey (ACS).

participantsFederally Qualified Health Centers.

methodsPatient and neighborhood characteristics for SRFs were summarized. Differences in FQHCs providing and not providing vision care were compared via Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests for continuous measures and chi-square tests for categorical measures. Logistic regression models were used to test the associations between neighborhood measures and FQHCs providing vision care, adjusted for patient characteristics.

main outcome measuresOdds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for neighborhood-level predictors of FQHCs providing vision care services.

resultsOverall, 28.5% of FQHCs (n = 375/1318) provided vision care in 2017 versus 32% (n = 435/1362) in 2021 with some increases and decreases in both the number of FQHCs and those with and without vision services. Only 2.6% of people who accessed FQHC services received eye care in 2021. Among the 435 FQHCs that provided vision care in 2021, 27.1% (n = 118) had added vision services between 2017 and 2021, 71.5% (n = 311) had been offering vision services since at least 2017, and 1.4% (n = 6) were newly established. FQHCs providing vision care in 2021 were more likely to be in neighborhoods with a higher percentage of Hispanic/Latino individuals (OR, 1.08, 95% CI, 1.02-1.14, P = 0.0094), Medicaid-insured individuals (OR, 1.08, 95% CI, 1.02-1.14, P = 0.0120), and no car households (OR, 1.07, 95% CI, 1.01-1.13, P = 0.0142). However, FQHCs with vision care, compared to FQHCs without vision care, served a lower percentage of Hispanic/Latino individuals (27.2% vs. 33.9%, P = 0.0007), Medicaid-insured patients (42.8% vs. 46.8%, P < 0.0001), and patients living at or below 100% of the federal poverty line (61.3% vs. 66.3%, P < 0.0001).

conclusionsVision care services are available at a few FQHCs, localized to a few states. Expanding eye care access at FQHCs would meet patients where they seek care to mitigate vision loss to underserved communities. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.

Indexed as

Health Services AccessibilityAdolescentAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedOdds RatioOphthalmologySafety-net ProvidersUnited StatesYoung AdultCommunity Health CentersEye careFederally Qualified Health CentersHealth Resources and Services AdministrationVision services

Identifiers

PMID38697267
PMCPMC11416322

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.