ReviewNature immunology2024
The ouroboros of autoimmunity.
Review in Nature immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Anti-interferon Auto-antibodies in Infectious Diseases.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Toward a monogenic architecture of human infections: From 1996 to 2026.Journal of human immunity · 2026Review
- Targeting the pMHC-TCR Interaction: Molecular Strategies and Therapeutic Potential in Autoimmunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Type I IFN autoantibodies underlie chikungunya live-attenuated vaccine encephalitis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies lack neutralising autoantibodies to type- I, II and III interferons.RMD open · 2025Observational
- Human genetics of Whipple's disease.Current opinion in rheumatology · 2025Review
- Type I interferon autoantibody footprints reveal neutralizing mechanisms and allow inhibitory decoy design.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Human immunity.Journal of human immunity · 2025Article
- Acidosis regulates immune progression in rheumatoid arthritis by promoting the expression of cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules in synovial fibroblasts.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Human induced pluripotent stem cells derived neutrophils display strong anti-microbial potencies.Cell regeneration (London, England) · 2025Article
- The monogenic landscape of human infectious diseases.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Review
- A common form of dominant human IFNAR1 deficiency impairs IFN-α and -ω but not IFN-β-dependent immunity.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Genetic diversity of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in cohorts of patients affected with SARS-CoV-2.Human genomics · 2025Article
- Risk assessment of pulmonary infections in primary glomerular diseases treated with rituximab.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs in patients with severe Powassan, Usutu, or Ross River virus disease.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Article
- A Novel Heterozygous NFKB2 Variant in a Multiplex Family with Common Variable Immune Deficiency and Autoantibodies Against Type I IFNs.Journal of clinical immunology · 2024Article
- The Microbe, the Infection Enigma, and the Host.Annual review of microbiology · 2024Review
- Review
- IL-7-dependent and -independent lineages of IL-7R-dependent human T cells.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Inherited human RelB deficiency impairs innate and adaptive immunity to infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Human autoimmunity against elements conferring protective immunity can be symbolized by the 'ouroboros', a snake eating its own tail. Underlying infection is autoimmunity against three immunological targets: neutrophils, complement and cytokines. Autoantibodies against neutrophils can cause peripheral neutropenia underlying mild pyogenic bacterial infections. The pathogenic contribution of autoantibodies against molecules of the complement system is often unclear, but autoantibodies specific for C3 convertase can enhance its activity, lowering complement levels and underlying severe bacterial infections. Autoantibodies neutralizing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor impair alveolar macrophages, thereby underlying pulmonary proteinosis and airborne infections, type I interferon viral diseases, type II interferon intra-macrophagic infections, interleukin-6 pyogenic bacterial diseases and interleukin-17A/F mucocutaneous candidiasis. Each of these five cytokine autoantibodies underlies a specific range of infectious diseases, phenocopying infections that occur in patients with the corresponding inborn errors. In this Review, we analyze this ouroboros of immunity against immunity and posit that it should be considered as a factor in patients with unexplained infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
38698239What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.