ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2024
The Association Between Cardiometabolic Risk and Cognitive Function Among Older Americans and Chinese.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Divergent associations of estimated cardiorespiratory fitness with cognitive trajectories in Chinese and U.S. middle-aged and older adults: A descriptive cross-national comparison from CHARLS and HRS.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Observational
- The social environment and cognitive aging over the life course: laying out critical concepts and research gaps.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Early life adversity, educational attainment, and cardiometabolic risk among middle-aged and older adults in the United States.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Proactive health behaviour intervention strategies for older T2DM patients with multimorbidity: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial with hybrid type 2 effectiveness-implementation design.BMC primary care · 2026Article
- NORRISK 2 score is associated with dementia and MCI-the HUNT study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Association of metabolic syndrome severity with cognitive decline among Chinese older adults: evidence from two prospective cohort studies.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Western Diet and Cognitive Decline: A Hungarian Perspective-Implications for the Design of the Semmelweis Study.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Bidirectional relationship between anemia and cognitive function in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: a longitudinal study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sex-specific associations between estimated glucose disposal rate and cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults in China: a longitudinal cohort study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCardiometabolic risk (CMR) is associated with cognitive health, but the association can be affected by broader social, economic, and medical contexts. The United States and China have very different developmental and epidemiological histories, and thus CMR among older people could be linked to cognitive function differently in the 2 countries.
methodsCross-sectional and longitudinal ordinary least squares regression models were estimated for each country using nationally representative samples of populations over age 50: 7 430/4 474 Americans and 6 108/3 655 Chinese in the cross-sectional/longitudinal samples.
resultsIn the United States, higher CMR is associated with worse cognitive function (b = -0.08, p < .016). Longitudinally, CMR increase is associated with worse cognitive function at a marginally significant level (b = -0.10, p = .055). No relationship between CMR level or change and cognitive function is observed in China. Higher education levels are linked to better cognitive function and slower cognitive decline in both countries. Unlike older Americans, relative to those with very low education levels, among older Chinese with the highest education level, a higher CMR links to better cognitive function (b = 0.63, p = .013) and slower cognitive decline (b = 0.35, p = .062); Nevertheless, a rapid increase in CMR is additionally harmful (b = -0.54, p = .050) for cognitive function and may lead to faster cognitive decline (b = -0.35, p = .079).
conclusionsThe significant relationship between CMR and cognitive function in the United States suggests the importance of monitoring and controlling CMR factors at older ages. The insignificant relationship in China may be explained by the high CMR among those with high education levels, highlighting the need for improving cardiometabolic health through education and promoting healthy lifestyles.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.