ArticlePloS one2024
Early feasibility study with an implantable near-infrared spectroscopy sensor for glucose, ketones, lactate and ethanol.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04782934 (Early Feasibility and First in Human Study of the YANG System for Continuous Monitoring of Glucose, Ketones and Lactate - The GLOW Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The trial behind it
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Early Feasibility and First in Human Study of the YANG System for Continuous Monitoring of Glucose, Ketones and Lactate - The GLOW Study
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Compact mid-infrared fiber probe for in vivo multi-compound monitoring demonstrated using ex vivo human skin.Nature communications · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the safety and performance of an implantable near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy sensor for multi-metabolite monitoring of glucose, ketones, lactate, and ethanol. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThis is an early feasibility study (GLOW, NCT04782934) including 7 participants (4 with type 1 diabetes (T1D), 3 healthy volunteers) in whom the YANG NIR spectroscopy sensor (Indigo) was implanted for 28 days. Metabolic challenges were used to vary glucose levels (40-400 mg/dL, 2.2-22.2 mmol/L) and/or induce increases in ketones (ketone drink, up to 3.5 mM), lactate (exercise bike, up to 13 mM) and ethanol (4-8 alcoholic beverages, 40-80g). NIR spectra for glucose, ketones, lactate, and ethanol levels analyzed with partial least squares regression were compared with blood values for glucose (Biosen EKF), ketones and lactate (GlucoMen LX Plus), and breath ethanol levels (ACE II Breathalyzer). The effect of potential confounders on glucose measurements (paracetamol, aspartame, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, sorbitol, caffeine, fructose, vitamin C) was investigated in T1D participants.
resultsThe implanted YANG sensor was safe and well tolerated and did not cause any infectious or wound healing complications. Six out 7 sensors remained fully operational over the entire study period. Glucose measurements were sufficiently accurate (overall mean absolute (relative) difference MARD of 7.4%, MAD 8.8 mg/dl) without significant impact of confounders. MAD values were 0.12 mM for ketones, 0.16 mM for lactate, and 0.18 mM for ethanol.
conclusionsThe first implantable multi-biomarker sensor was shown to be well tolerated and produce accurate measurements of glucose, ketones, lactate, and ethanol.
trial registrationClinical trial identifier: NCT04782934.
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