Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38708028›Full record

ArticleFortune journal of health sciences2024

Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment Strategies of Concussions: A Comprehensive Review.

Zubair Ahmed, Fihr Chaudhary, Marcel P Fraix, Devendra K Agrawal

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Fortune journal of health sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Concussion: A Comprehensive Review of Current Evidence.Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Isolation of Primary Brain Cells: Challenges and Solutions.Archives of clinical and biomedical research · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Zubair AhmedDepartment of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona CA 91766.
Fihr ChaudharyDepartment of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona CA 91766.
Marcel P FraixDepartment of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona CA 91766.
Devendra K AgrawalDepartment of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona CA 91766.

Funding

Novel Approach to Stabilize Atherosclerotic Plaque in Carotid ArteryR01HL144125 · NHLBI · WESTERN UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES · PI AGRAWAL, DEVENDRA K. · 2018 to 2021
$2.8M
Novel Molecular Target to Prevent Maturation Failure of Arteriovenous FistulaR01HL147662 · NHLBI · WESTERN UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES · PI AGRAWAL, DEVENDRA K. · 2019 to 2022
$2.8M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL144125NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL147662
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A concussion is a particular manifestation of a traumatic brain injury, which is the leading cause of mortality and disabilities across the globe. The global prevalence of traumatic brain injury is estimated to be 939 instances per 100,000 individuals, with approximately 5.48 million people per year experiencing severe traumatic brain injury. Epidemiology varies amongst different countries by socioeconomic status with diverse clinical manifestations. Additionally, classifying concussions is an ambiguous process as clinical diagnoses are the only current classification method, and morbidity rates differ by demographic location as well as populations examined. In this article, we critically reviewed the pathophysiology of concussions, classification methods, treatment options available including both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic intervention methods, etiologies as well as global etiologic differences associated with them, and clinical manifestations along with their associated morbidities. Furthermore, analysis of the current research regarding the incidence of concussion based traumatic brain injuries and future directions are discussed. Investigation on the efficacy of new therapeutic-related interventions such as exosome therapy and electromagnetic field stimulation are warranted to properly manage and treat concussion-induced traumatic brain injury.

Indexed as

Axonal dysfunctionConcussionCytoskeletal damageElectromagnetic field stimulationEpidemiologyExosomal therapyMitochondrial biogenesisNeurotraumaTraumatic brain injury

Identifiers

PMID38708028
PMCPMC11067689

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.