ArticleCancer research2024
A Virus-Inspired Inhalable Liponanogel Induces Potent Antitumor Immunity and Regression in Metastatic Lung Tumors.
Article in Cancer research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Next-generation oncolytic virotherapy for lung cancer: bridging innovative vector engineering with clinical immunotherapy.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Review
- Advances in Inhaled Nanoparticle Drug Delivery for Pulmonary Disease Management.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Review
- Enhancing immunotherapy with tumour-responsive nanomaterials.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery of immunostimulatory agents such as poly(I:C) to activate double-stranded RNA sensors MDA5 and RIG-I within lung-resident antigen-presenting cells is a potential strategy to enhance antitumor immunity by promoting type I interferon secretion. Nevertheless, following pulmonary delivery, poly(I:C) suffers from rapid degradation and poor endosomal escape, thus limiting its potency. Inspired by the structure of a virus that utilizes internal viral proteins to tune the loading and cytosolic delivery of viral nucleic acids, we developed a liponanogel (LNG)-based platform to overcome the delivery challenges of poly(I:C). The LNG comprised an anionic polymer hyaluronic acid-based nanogel core coated by a lipid shell, which served as a protective layer to stabilize the nanogel core in the lungs. The nanogel core was protonated within acidic endosomes to enhance the endosomal membrane permeability and cytosolic delivery of poly(I:C). After pulmonary delivery, LNG-poly(I:C) induced 13.7-fold more IFNβ than poly(I:C) alone and two-fold more than poly(I:C) loaded in the state-of-art lipid nanoparticles [LNP-poly(I:C)]. Additionally, LNG-poly(I:C) induced more potent CD8+ T-cell immunity and stronger therapeutic effects than LNP-poly(I:C). The combination of LNG-poly(I:C) and PD-L1 targeting led to regression of established lung metastases. Due to the ease of manufacturing and the high biocompatibility of LNG, pulmonary delivery of LNG may be broadly applicable to the treatment of different lung tumors and may spur the development of innovative strategies for cancer immunotherapy. Significance: Pulmonary delivery of poly(I:C) with a virus-inspired inhalable liponanogel strongly activates cytosolic MDA5 and RIG-I and stimulates antitumor immunity, representing a promising strategy for safe and effective treatment of metastatic lung tumors.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.