ArticleDrug safety2024
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and the Risk of Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disease Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study.
Article in Drug safety, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evolving incretin-based therapies in Japan: optimizing treatment strategies for diverse clinical and socioeconomical profiles in type 2 diabetes.Diabetology international · 2025Review
- Incretin-based drugs and the risk of gallbladder or biliary tract diseases among patients with type 2 diabetes across categories of body mass index: a nationwide cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- Association between GLP-1 RAs and DPP-4 inhibitors with biliary disorders: pharmacovigilance analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Construction of a 3-year risk prediction model for developing diabetes in patients with pre-diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors may be associated with an increased risk of gallbladder and bile duct disease among patients with type 2 diabetes.
methodsWe conducted a population-based cohort study using an active comparator, new-user design. We used data from the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink to identify patients newly treated with either a DPP-4 inhibitor or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor between January 2013 and December 2020. We fitted Cox proportional hazards models with propensity score fine stratification weighting to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident gallbladder and bile duct disease associated with DPP-4 inhibitors compared to SGLT-2 inhibitors.
resultsDPP-4 inhibitors were associated with a 46% increased risk of gallbladder and bile duct disease (4.3 vs. 3.0 events per 1000 person-years, HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.17-1.83). At 6 months and 1 year, 745 and 948 patients, respectively, would need to be treated with DPP-4 inhibitors for one patient to experience a gallbladder or bile duct disease.
conclusionsIn this population-based cohort study, the use of DPP-4 inhibitors, when compared with SGLT-2 inhibitors, was associated with a moderately increased risk of gallbladder and bile duct disease among patients with type 2 diabetes. This outcome was still quite rare with a high number needed to harm at 6 months and 1 year.
Indexed as
Identifiers
38720114What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.