Evidence mapPaperPMID 38724892Full record

ArticleBMC public health2024

'Getting addicted to it and losing a lot of money… it's just like a hole.' A grounded theory model of how social determinants shape adolescents' choices to not gamble.

Nerilee Hing, Hannah Thorne, Lisa Lole, Kerry Sproston, Nicole Hodge, Matthew Rockloff

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Nerilee HingExperimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, University Drive, 4670, Bundaberg, QLD, Australia. n.hing@cqu.edu.au.
Hannah ThorneExperimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Lisa LoleExperimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, University Drive, 4670, Bundaberg, QLD, Australia.
Kerry SprostonDBM Consultants, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Nicole HodgeDBM Consultants, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Matthew RockloffExperimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, University Drive, 4670, Bundaberg, QLD, Australia.

Funding

New South Wales Responsible Gambling Fund RG-7611
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGambling abstinence when underage lowers the risk of harmful gambling in later life. However, little research has examined why many young people refrain from gambling, even though this knowledge can inform protective strategies and lower risk factors to reduce underage gambling and subsequent harm. This study draws on the lived experience of adolescent non-gamblers to explore how social determinants while growing up have shaped their reasons and choices to not gamble.

methodsFourteen Australian non-gamblers, aged 12-17 years, participated in an in-depth individual interview (4 girls, 3 boys) or online community (4 girls, 3 boys). Questions in each condition differed, but both explored participants' gambling-related experiences while growing up, including exposure, attitudes and behaviours of parents and peers, advertising, simulated gambling and motivations for not gambling. The analysis used adaptive grounded theory methods.

resultsThe grounded theory model identifies several reasons for not gambling, including not being interested, being below the legal gambling age, discouragement from parent and peers, concern about gambling addiction and harm, not wanting to risk money on a low chance of winning, and moral objections. These reasons were underpinned by several social determinants, including individual, parental, peer and environmental factors that can interact to deter young people from underage gambling. Key protective factors were parental role modelling and guidance, friendship groups who avoided gambling, critical thinking, rational gambling beliefs, financial literacy and having other hobbies and interests.

conclusionsChoices to not gamble emanated from multiple layers of influence, implying that multi-layered interventions, aligned with a public health response, are needed to deter underage gambling. At the environmental level, better age-gating for monetary and simulated gambling, countering cultural pressures, and less exposure to promotional gambling messages, may assist young people to resist these influences. Interventions that support parents to provide appropriate role modelling and guidance for their children are also important. Youth education could include cautionary tales from people with lived experience of gambling harm, and education to increase young people's financial literacy, ability to recognise marketing tactics, awareness of the risks and harms of gambling, and how to resist peer and other normalising gambling influences.

Indexed as

GamblingGrounded TheoryAdolescentAdolescent BehaviorAustraliaBehavior, AddictiveChildChoice BehaviorFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicMalePeer GroupQualitative ResearchSocial Determinants of HealthAdolescentsGamblingGrounded theoryProtective factorsQualitative methodsSocial determinantsYouth

Identifiers

PMID38724892
PMCPMC11084133

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.