ArticleThe European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care2025
Costs associated with insufficient physical activity in Germany: cross-sectional results from the baseline examination of the German national cohort (NAKO).
Article in The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between physical activity and costs in very mild to moderately frail community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Trial
- [How comparable are physical activity data? Methodological differences and their implications for evidence-based policy decisions].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2026Review
- Exercise modality and subsequent musculoskeletal medical expenditures among middle-aged and older adults: A population-based longitudinal study.Journal of exercise science and fitness · 2026Article
- [Physical activity promotion among older adults in community settings: structures, implementation barriers and the role of political narratives].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2026Review
- Economic cost of movement behaviours: a systematic review.Journal of activity, sedentary and sleep behaviors · 2026Review
- Participatory design of built environment strategies to enhance movement, wellbeing, and quality of life among incarcerated men.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Article
- Physical activity in Germany: Discrepancy between high societal expectation and actual activity levels in old age.Journal of health monitoring · 2025Article
- Regular Physical Activity is Associated with Slower Age-Related Iohexol Clearance Decline in the General Population without Diabetes.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2025Article
- Physical activity and weight status of children in Germany: cross-sectional results from the MoMo Wave 3 (2018-2020).European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Changes in Physical Activity, Heart Rate, and Sleep Measured by Activity Trackers During the COVID-19 Pandemic Across 34 Countries: Retrospective Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- [Physical Activity-Related Health Services in Germany: Relevance and Necessary Framework Conditions - a Position Paper of the DNVF Working Group Physical Activity-Related Health Services Research].Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)) · 2025Article
- The relationship between implicit motives and physical activity: a scoping review.Systematic reviews · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
26 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInsufficient physical activity (PA) is a leading risk factor for non-communicable diseases posing a significant economic burden to healthcare systems and societies. The study aimed to examine the differences in healthcare and indirect costs between sufficient and insufficient PA and the cost differences between PA intensity groups.
methodsThe cross-sectional analysis was based on data from 157,648 participants in the baseline examination of the German National Cohort (NAKO) study. Healthcare and indirect costs were calculated based on self-reported information on health-related resource use and productivity losses. PA in the domains leisure, transport, and work was assessed by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and categorized into sufficient/insufficient and intensity levels (very low/low/medium/high) based on PA recommendations of the World Health Organization. Two-part models adjusted for relevant covariates were used to estimate mean costs for PA groups. RESULTS AND
conclusionInsufficiently active people had higher average annual healthcare costs (Δ €188, 95% CI [64, 311]) and healthcare plus indirect costs (Δ €482, 95% CI [262, 702]) compared to sufficiently active people. The difference was especially evident in the population aged 60 + years and when considering only leisure PA. An inverse association was observed between leisure PA and costs, whereas a direct association was found between PA at work and costs. Adjusting for the number of comorbidities reduced the differences between activity groups, but the trend persisted. The association between PA and costs differed in direction between PA domains. Future research may provide further insight into the temporal relationship between PA and costs.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.