ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2024
Social Environment, Lifestyle, and Genetic Predisposition With Dementia Risk: A Long-Term Longitudinal Study Among Older Adults.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Domain-specific physical activity levels and risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Public health · 2026Pooled it
- A critical review and classification of dementia risk assessment tools to inform dementia risk reduction.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Pooled it
- Regulatory Variation at TERT and TERC Shows Limited Association with Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease in Carriers of the Mexican Founder MutationMedical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Social environments and lifestyles linked to mortality and future health risks in metabolic syndrome: evidence from UK and US nationwide cohort studies.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Machine learning approaches to racial/ethnic differences in social determinants of mild cognitive impairment and its progression to dementia in the All of Us Research Program.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Broadening dementia risk models: building on the 2024 Lancet Commission report for a more inclusive global framework.EBioMedicine · 2025Review
- Brain Neurotrophins and Plant Polyphenols: A Powerful Connection.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe role of social environment, that is, the aggregate effect of social determinants of health (SDOHs), in determining dementia is unclear.
methodsWe developed a novel polysocial risk score for dementia based on 19 SDOH among 5 199 participants in the Health and Retirement Study, United States, to measure the social environmental risk. We used a survival analysis approach to assess the association between social environment and dementia risk in 2006-2020. We further studied the interaction between social environment and lifestyles, and explored racial disparities.
resultsThe study participants (mean age = 73.4 years, SD = 8.3; 58.0% female; 11.6% African American) were followed up for an average of 6.2 years, and 1 089 participants developed dementia. Every 1-point increase in the polysocial risk score (ranging from 0 to 10) was associated with a 21.6% higher risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.21, 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] = 1.15-1.26) of developing dementia, other things being equal. Among participants with high social environmental risk, regular exercise and moderate drinking were associated with a 43%-60% lower risk of developing dementia (p < .001). In addition, African Americans were 1.3 times (aHR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.96-2.66) more likely to develop dementia than European Americans, other things being equal.
conclusionAn adverse social environment is linked to higher dementia risk, but healthy lifestyles can partially offset the increased social environmental risk. The polysocial risk score can complement the existing risk tools to identify high-risk older populations, and guide the design of targeted social environmental interventions, particularly focusing on improving the companionship of the older people, to prevent dementia.
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Registered trials
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