ReviewEcoSal Plus2024
Type I toxin-antitoxin systems in bacteria: from regulation to biological functions.
Review in EcoSal Plus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- The SOS Response: A Double-Edged Sword between the Persister and Resister Formation.ACS omega · 2026Review
- An RNA structural switch controlling bacterial toxin translation.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Bacterial defense systems: Mechanisms, homology to eukaryotic immune systems, and applications.Zoological research · 2026Review
- Protection AgainstVaccines · 2026Article
- Bistability in type I toxin-antitoxin systems may lead to stress-induced persister formation.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2025Article
- Article
- Design of orthogonal and portable RNA devices for post-transcriptional regulation by reverse engineering type I toxin-antitoxin systems.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Toxin-antitoxins and sigma factors may optimize the fitness of free-living bacteria throughout the life cycle via an integrated nutrient-responsive cybernetic system.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Review
- Article
- Rational design of synthetic antimicrobial peptides based on the Escherichia coli ShoB toxin.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Functional diversity and molecular interactions of small membrane proteins in bacteria.microLife · 2025Review
- Article
- Relevance of charged and polar amino acids for functionality of membrane toxin TisB.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Bacterial Persister Cells and Development of Antibiotic Resistance in Chronic Infections: An Update.British journal of biomedical science · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Toxin-antitoxin systems are ubiquitous in the prokaryotic world and widely distributed among chromosomes and mobile genetic elements. Several different toxin-antitoxin system types exist, but what they all have in common is that toxin activity is prevented by the cognate antitoxin. In type I toxin-antitoxin systems, toxin production is controlled by an RNA antitoxin and by structural features inherent to the toxin messenger RNA. Most type I toxins are small membrane proteins that display a variety of cellular effects. While originally discovered as modules that stabilize plasmids, chromosomal type I toxin-antitoxin systems may also stabilize prophages, or serve important functions upon certain stress conditions and contribute to population-wide survival strategies. Here, we will describe the intricate RNA-based regulation of type I toxin-antitoxin systems and discuss their potential biological functions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.