SynthesisEuropean journal of pediatrics2024
Breastfeeding and risk of food allergy and allergic rhinitis in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.
Synthesis in European journal of pediatrics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Risk Factors for the Development of Food Allergy in Infants and Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Risk factors for allergic rhinitis in children: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Review
- Association of breastfeeding with caregiver-reported physician-diagnosed allergies in children: the Japan Environment and Children's Study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Environmental risk factors for allergic rhinitis differ by income level: A Global Asthma Network survey.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Article
- The Acari Hypothesis, VIII: the human apocrine-mammary-microbiota axis andFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- The association between early-life nutrition and palatine tonsil grading in preschool children: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Antenatal and postnatal breastfeeding motivation and self-efficacy in primiparous women: a prospective observational study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Recent Advancements and Best Practices in Supporting Newborn Feeding: A Narrative Review.Pediatric clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Age standardized mortality in US children during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The association between breastfeeding and the occurrence of allergic rhinitis (AR) and food allergy (FA) in offspring remains inconclusive. This review aims to comprehensively explore the potential relationships between various patterns and durations of breastfeeding and allergic diseases in offspring. We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, WOS databases, and Google Scholar for observational studies published up to March 30, 2023, that investigated the link between breastfeeding and allergies in offspring. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated employing an appropriate model based on the degree of heterogeneity. A total of 68 studies, encompassing 772,142 children, were ultimately included. The findings indicated that breastfeeding for more than 6 months was associated with a reduced risk of AR (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79 to 0.98) but posed a risk for FA (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.27 to 2.25). Exclusive breastfeeding exhibited a protective effect against AR (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90 to 0.97), whereas non-breastfeeding was identified as a risk factor for AR (OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.03 to 2.12). No significant association was observed between breastfeeding patterns and FA.
conclusionBreastfeeding for more than 6 months proves to be an effective preventive measure against AR. However, large prospective high-quality studies are needed to investigate the potential risk of FA in children with prolonged breastfeeding. WHAT IS KNOWN: • The impact of breastfeeding on allergic rhinitis and food allergy in offspring is controversial. • Previous meta-analyses fail to prove the effect of breastfeeding on food allergy in offspring of all ages. WHAT IS NEW: • Breastfeeding for more than 6 months proves to be an effective preventive measure against AR. However, it potentially elevates the risk of FA in children. Non-breastfeeding is linked to an increased risk of AR in children, but there is no evidence of an association between breastfeeding patterns and FA in children. • The impact of breastfeeding on allergic rhinitis and food allergy in offspring may vary with the time and pattern of breastfeeding.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.