ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Multiple Sclerosis: From the Application of Oligoclonal Bands to Novel Potential Biomarkers.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- French expert opinion on the long-term management of relapsing multiple sclerosis with cladribine tablets beyond year 4.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Phosphorylated Neurofilament Heavy Chain in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum as a Biomarker of Axonal Injury in Algerian Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Application of the 2024 McDonald Criteria in Individuals With Nonspecific Symptoms or Incidental Imaging Findings in a Multicenter Study.Neurology · 2026Observational
- Detection of Diagnostic Antibodies in Immune-Mediated Diseases: A Focus on Antigens and Technologies.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026Review
- VEP Abnormalities in Treatment-Naïve CIS/Early RRMS Without Prior Optic Neuritis: Clinical, Radiological, and CSF Associations.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Beyond oligoclonal bands: the independent role of kappa free light chains in the diagnostic workup of multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Refining predictors of long-term NEDA-3 status in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: insights from real-world data.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Selected Serum Biomarkers in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis-A 3-Year Prospective Pilot Study.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Real-World Laboratory Analysis of Molecular Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis Centers in Central-Eastern European Countries Covering 107 Million Inhabitants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Role of soluble biomarkers in treating multiple sclerosis and neuroinflammatory conditions.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- Fluid Biomarkers in Demyelinating Spectrum Disorders: Past, Present, and Prospects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Abnormal CSF-Specific OCBs in Neuronal Surface Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis Differentiating from Viral Encephalitis.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system with a high heterogeneity among patients. In the clinical setting, one of the main challenges is a proper and early diagnosis for the prediction of disease activity. Current diagnosis is based on the integration of clinical, imaging, and laboratory results, with the latter based on the presence of intrathecal IgG oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid whose detection via isoelectric focusing followed by immunoblotting represents the gold standard. Intrathecal synthesis can also be evidenced by the measurement of kappa free light chains in the cerebrospinal fluid, which has reached similar diagnostic accuracy compared to that of oligoclonal bands in the identification of patients with multiple sclerosis; moreover, recent studies have also highlighted its value for early disease activity prediction. This strategy has significant advantages as compared to using oligoclonal band detection, even though some issues remain open. Here, we discuss the current methods applied for cerebrospinal fluid analysis to achieve the most accurate diagnosis and for follow-up and prognosis evaluation. In addition, we describe new promising biomarkers, currently under investigation, that could contribute both to a better diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and to its monitoring of the therapeutic treatment response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.