ArticleMicroorganisms2024
Immune Response after Anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in Relation to Cellular Immunity, Vitamin D and Comorbidities in Hemodialysis Patients.
Article in Microorganisms, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of chronic cholecalciferol supplementation and vitamin D status on risk of post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection.Endocrine · 2026Observational
- Vitamin D and Vitamin D Analogues in Hemodialysis Patients: A Review of the Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the global threat of SARS-CoV-2, individuals undergoing maintenance dialysis represent a vulnerable population with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Therefore, immunization against SARS-CoV-2 is an essential component of healthcare strategy for these patients. Existing data indicate that they tend to exhibit a reduced immune response to vaccines compared to the general population. Our study aimed to assess both humoral and cellular immune responses following two doses of an anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, an ability to maintain adequate antibody titers over time, and potential relations with vitamin D, comorbidities and other factors in hemodialysis patients based on a single center experience. A total of 41/45 patients (91.1%) responded to the second dose of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. The titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG class antibodies and levels of T cells three to four weeks after vaccination were lower in dialysis patients than in healthy controls. Antibodies titer in dialysis patients had a positive correlation with B lymphocytes and was related to cardiovascular diseases. The level of CD4+ cells had a negative correlation with hemodialysis vintage, as did the vitamin D level with post-vaccination seroconversion and decline in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies titer during six months after vaccination. Hemodialysis patients had decreased amounts of CD4+ and CD8+ cells and lower levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies than healthy controls. Therefore, chronic hemodialysis could lead to diminished cellular immunity and humoral immune response to the anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination and reduced protection from COVID-19. Comorbidity in cardiovascular diseases was associated with a lower level of specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer. Vitamin D may be important in maintaining stable levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, while the duration of dialysis treatment could be one of the factors decreasing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer and determining lower CD4+ cell counts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.