ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024
Macrophage polarization in rheumatoid arthritis: signaling pathways, metabolic reprogramming, and crosstalk with synovial fibroblasts.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Exosomes as Cellular Communicators and Therapeutic Agents in Orthopedic Diseases: From Mechanisms to Intervention.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Pooled it
- Apoptotic body-encapsulated nanoparticles regulate inflammation through macrophage polarization mediated by lactic acid.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Properties and Underlying Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Integrative Review of Clinical and Molecular Findings.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2026Review
- CD27 Neutralization Attenuates Rheumatoid Arthritis by Suppressing.Biochemical genetics · 2026Article
- Obeticholic acid attenuates complete freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats through FXR-mediated modulation of TGF-β/TAK1/MKK3/p38 MAPK signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Disulfidptosis- and Ferroptosis-Related Gene Signatures in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Association Analysis and Diagnostic Model Construction.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Effect of hUCMSC-seeded hydroxyapatite-chitosan scaffolds on immunomodulatory cytokine expression during alveolar socket healing: an in vivo study.Odontology · 2026Article
- Identification of Cellular Senescence-Related Hub Genes in Rheumatoid Arthritis from Bioinformatics Analysis Through Machine Learning up to Verifications in Mouse Macrophages and Tests in Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The Multifaceted Roles of Macrophages in Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Cytokine Networks to the Discovery of Novel Subsets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes as Therapeutic Targets in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current Evidence on DMARD-Mediated Modulation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Review
- The Role of Inflammation and Immunity in Cardiovascular Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2026Review
- Celastrol attenuates synovial inflammation and experimental arthritis by modulating PTGS2-associated ferroptosis resistance in fibroblast-like synoviocytes.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
- LysoPS-GPR34 axis enhances tumor-associated macrophages efferocytosis to promote immune escape in gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Hydrogels as Local Structural-Protective Platforms in Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Evidence-Graded Review Across the Synovium-Cartilage-Bone Axis.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cellular crosstalk and signaling networks in the rheumatoid arthritis synovial microenvironment.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Macrophage INSIG1 deficiency drives psoriasiform dermatitis via the SREBP2-STAT1 axis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Synovial microenvironment and fluorescence imaging for early rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Review
- Cancer stem cells and their molecular signaling mechanisms in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Metabolic reprogramming regulates macrophage polarization to impact ovarian cancer progression.Discover oncology · 2026Review
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent synovial inflammation and progressive joint destruction. Macrophages are key effector cells that play a central role in RA pathogenesis through their ability to polarize into distinct functional phenotypes. An imbalance favoring pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages over anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages disrupts immune homeostasis and exacerbates joint inflammation. Multiple signaling pathways, including Notch, JAK/STAT, NF-κb, and MAPK, regulate macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype in RA. Metabolic reprogramming also contributes to this process, with M1 macrophages prioritizing glycolysis while M2 macrophages utilize oxidative phosphorylation. Redressing this imbalance by modulating macrophage polarization and metabolic state represents a promising therapeutic strategy. Furthermore, complex bidirectional interactions exist between synovial macrophages and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), forming a self-perpetuating inflammatory loop. Macrophage-derived factors promote aggressive phenotypes in FLS, while FLS-secreted mediators contribute to aberrant macrophage activation. Elucidating the signaling networks governing macrophage polarization, metabolic adaptations, and crosstalk with FLS is crucial to developing targeted therapies that can restore immune homeostasis and mitigate joint pathology in RA.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.