Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38808108›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2024

Dual sources of melatonin and evidence for different primary functions.

Russel J Reiter, Ramaswamy Sharma, Dun-Xian Tan, Luiz Gustavo de Almieda Chuffa, Danilo Grunig Humberto da Silva, Andrzej T Slominski, Kerstin Steinbrink, Konrad Kleszczynski

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  16. Melatonin: a potential target for regulating ovarian function.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Russel J ReiterDepartment of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio TX, United States.
Ramaswamy SharmaApplied Biomedical Sciences, University of the Incarnate Word, School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, TX, United States.
Dun-Xian TanDepartment of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio TX, United States.
Luiz Gustavo de Almieda ChuffaDepartamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Setor de Anatomia - Instituto de Biociências, IBB/UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
Danilo Grunig Humberto da SilvaDepartment of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
Andrzej T SlominskiUS and Pathology Laboratory Service, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
Kerstin SteinbrinkDepartment of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Konrad KleszczynskiDepartment of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.

Funding

Mechanism of action and function of novel secosteroid 20(OH)D3 in the skinR01AR073004 · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · 2025 to 2025
$641k
BLRD VA I01 BX004293NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR073004
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This article discusses data showing that mammals, including humans, have two sources of melatonin that exhibit different functions. The best-known source of melatonin, herein referred to as Source #1, is the pineal gland. In this organ, melatonin production is circadian with maximal synthesis and release into the blood and cerebrospinal fluid occurring during the night. Of the total amount of melatonin produced in mammals, we speculate that less than 5% is synthesized by the pineal gland. The melatonin rhythm has the primary function of influencing the circadian clock at the level of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (the CSF melatonin) and the clockwork in all peripheral organs (the blood melatonin) via receptor-mediated actions. A second source of melatonin (Source # 2) is from multiple tissues throughout the body, probably being synthesized in the mitochondria of these cells. This constitutes the bulk of the melatonin produced in mammals and is concerned with metabolic regulation. This review emphasizes the action of melatonin from peripheral sources in determining re-dox homeostasis, but it has other critical metabolic effects as well. Extrapineal melatonin synthesis does not exhibit a circadian rhythm and it is not released into the blood but acts locally in its cell of origin and possibly in a paracrine matter on adjacent cells. The factors that control/influence melatonin synthesis at extrapineal sites are unknown. We propose that the concentration of melatonin in these cells is determined by the subcellular redox state and that melatonin synthesis may be inducible under stressful conditions as in plant cells.

Indexed as

Circadian RhythmMelatoninPineal GlandAnimalsHumansSuprachiasmatic NucleusMelatonincell metabolismcerebrospinal fluidcircadian rhythmsextrapineal melatoninfree radicalsmitochondriaredox homeostasissuprachiasmatic nucleus

Identifiers

PMID38808108
PMCPMC11130361

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.