ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2024
In vivo whole-cortex marker of excitation-inhibition ratio indexes cortical maturation and cognitive ability in youth.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Neural excitation/inhibition imbalance and neurodevelopmental pathology in human copy number variant syndromes: a systematic review.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Gut microbiota remodeling and sensory-emotional functional disruption in adolescents with bipolar depression.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Trial
- Excitation-inhibition imbalance links amyloid pathophysiology to cognition in non-demented individuals.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- State-dependent signal flow hierarchy in the human cerebral cortex.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Towards a neurobiology of early intervention: the importance of critical periods for preventive psychiatry and youth mental health.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Human cortex organizes dynamic co-fluctuations along the sensorimotor-association axis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Midazolam Exerts Sedative Effects by Differentially Modulating Cortical Pyramidal Neurons and PV Interneurons.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Investigating Bidirectional Causal Relationships Between Imaging-Derived Brain Phenotypes and Sedative-Hypnotic Use Disorder: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Addiction biology · 2026Article
- Convergent and divergent brain-cognition development in early adolescence.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Impact of prenatal exposure to airborne particulate matter on local functional connections in the cerebral cortex of neonates.NeuroImage · 2026Article
- Tract-explainable and underexplained synchrony play complementary roles in the functional organization of the brain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Critical Dynamics in the Association Cortex Predict Higher Intelligence in Typically Developing Children.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Investigating hierarchical critical periods in human neurodevelopment.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Greater Increase in Hippocampal Activity During the Early Postnatal Period After Preterm Birth Is Associated With Better Cognitive and Motor Outcomes at 18 Months.Developmental neurobiology · 2026Article
- Convergent and divergent spatial topographies of individualized brain functional networks and their developmental origins.Psychoradiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Lysergic acid diethylamide-derived excitatory/inhibitory ratio change enhances global synchrony in functional brain dynamics.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Stable individualized brain computing model informed by spatiotemporal co-activity patterns.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Inferring intrinsic neural timescales using optimal control theory.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The effective connectome over a century of human life.Communications biology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A balanced excitation-inhibition ratio (E/I ratio) is critical for healthy brain function. Normative development of cortex-wide E/I ratio remains unknown. Here, we noninvasively estimate a putative marker of whole-cortex E/I ratio by fitting a large-scale biophysically plausible circuit model to resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data. We first confirm that our model generates realistic brain dynamics in the Human Connectome Project. Next, we show that the estimated E/I ratio marker is sensitive to the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist benzodiazepine alprazolam during fMRI. Alprazolam-induced E/I changes are spatially consistent with positron emission tomography measurement of benzodiazepine receptor density. We then investigate the relationship between the E/I ratio marker and neurodevelopment. We find that the E/I ratio marker declines heterogeneously across the cerebral cortex during youth, with the greatest reduction occurring in sensorimotor systems relative to association systems. Importantly, among children with the same chronological age, a lower E/I ratio marker (especially in the association cortex) is linked to better cognitive performance. This result is replicated across North American (8.2 to 23.0 y old) and Asian (7.2 to 7.9 y old) cohorts, suggesting that a more mature E/I ratio indexes improved cognition during normative development. Overall, our findings open the door to studying how disrupted E/I trajectories may lead to cognitive dysfunction in psychopathology that emerges during youth.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.