ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024
Immune checkpoints: new insights into the pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between serum immunoglobulin G4 levels and Graves' ophthalmopathy: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Retinal and Optic-Disc Changes Associated With ¹³¹I Therapy in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Their Determinants.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Advances in protein ubiquitination modification and immune evasion of breast cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Exploring the Potential Roles of Oxidative Stress-Related Genes in Thyroid Eye Disease and Graves' Disease.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Elevated Levels of sLAG-3 as a Possible Biomarker in Graves' Disease With and Without Thyroid Eye Disease: A Prospective Observational Case-Control Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Observational
- Redefining Treatment Paradigms in Thyroid Eye Disease: Current and Future Therapeutic Strategies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Teprotumumab for Thyroid Eye Disease: Mechanism, Clinical Efficacy, and Current Challenges.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Retinal and Choroidal Alterations in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy: A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Correlation between intraorbital structural alterations and diplopia in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: an MRI-based study.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Case Report: Development of severe inflammatory orbitopathy after immune checkpoint inhibitor initiation.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Emerging Ocular Side Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Characteristics of Hyaluronan Metabolism During Myofibroblast Differentiation in Orbital Fibroblasts.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Thyroid Eye Disease: Advancements in Orbital and Ocular Pathology Management.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Impact of ibrutinib on inflammation in a mouse model of Graves' orbitopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Screening of pathologically significant diagnostic biomarkers in tears of thyroid eye disease based on bioinformatic analysis and machine learning.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a disfiguring autoimmune disease characterized by changes in the orbital tissues and is caused by abnormal thyroid function or thyroid-related antibodies. It is the ocular manifestation of Graves' disease. The expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) and the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1 R) on the cell membrane of orbital fibroblasts (OFs) is responsible for TED pathology. Excessive inflammation is caused when these receptors in the orbit are stimulated by autoantibodies. CD34
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.