ArticleGland surgery2024
Intraoperative thyroid frozen section: indications, results and consequences.
Article in Gland surgery, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- [Frozen section in oncologic endocrine surgery].Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical Value of Lymphocyte Count in Risk Prediction of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study in a Chinese Population.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Frozen section (FS) analysis is strongly influenced by the experience of surgeons and pathologists. We analyzed its performance in a secondary care hospital with surgical and pathologic experience transferred from a university hospital. Methods: Indications, results, and consequences of all thyroid FS performed between January 1, 2021 and December 31, 2022 were critically reviewed. Results: FS was performed in 90 (26.5%) of 340 procedures. Indications consisted in a suspicious fine needle biopsy in 28 (31.1%) cases, (99m) Technetium-Methoxy-Isobutyl-Isonitrile (MIBI) retaining hypofunctional nodules in 25 (27.8%), the intraoperative appearance in 18 (20%), the sonographic appearance in 18 (20%) and a positron emission tomography (PET) positive result in 1 case (1.1%). Malignancy was diagnosed in 21 (23.3%) and confirmed by final histology in all cases (100%). In the remaining 69 (76.7%) FS displaying no positive malignancy criteria, final histology delivered benign in 62 (89.8%) and malignant diagnoses in 7 cases (10.1%). 25% of thyroid carcinomas could not be diagnosed by FS. FS sensitivity was consequently 75% (95% CI: 55.1-89.3%). All missed malignancies were papillary thyroid carcinomas of follicular variant (fvPTC). FS sensitivity was lowest in MIBI positive hypofunctional nodules (33%) and Bethesda III (50%) as opposed to Bethesda V (92.9%) and to those cases with suspicious sonographic or intraoperative appearance (71.4%). Two-staged surgery was necessary in 10 (15.8%) of carcinomas. Conclusions: Sensitivity of FS in a secondary care hospital offering surgical and pathologic experience from a specialized university center is 75% and mainly reduced by the prevalence of fvPTC. Omitting FS in Bethesda III and MIBI positive hypofunctional nodules might improve FS performance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.