ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2024
Olfactory Impairment and the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Older Adults.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Genome-wide association study meta-analysis uncovers novel genetic variants associated with olfactory dysfunction.BMC genomic data · 2025Pooled it
- High Pesticide Exposure Events and Self-Reported and Measured Olfactory Dysfunction.JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery · 2026Article
- Effect of theFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Dysfunction in Olfactory Identification and Physical Function Decline in Older Adults.JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- The Need to Promote Olfactory Health in Public Health Agendas Across the Globe.Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery · 2026Review
- Olfactory dysfunction and increased systemic immune inflammation index in patients with atrial fibrillation.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2026Article
- Olfaction and Coronary Heart Disease.JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery · 2026Article
- Poor olfaction and risk of heart failure in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- Odor of Fatty Acids: Differences in Threshold and Perception Intensity Between Sexes.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The brain-heart axis: integrative cooperation of neural, mechanical and biochemical pathways.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2025Review
- Association between sensory impairment and cardiometabolic multimorbidity among older Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Factors Contributing to Resistance to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Olfactory Mitral Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Longitudinal Association of Olfactory Function with Frailty in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- Poor Olfaction and Risk of Stroke in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.Stroke · 2025Article
- Towards universal chemosensory testing: needs, barriers, and opportunities.Chemical senses · 2025Article
- Olfaction and diabetes among older adults.Chemical senses · 2025Article
- Better olfaction was associated with lower healthcare expenditure among physically independent Japanese community-dwelling older adults: the Yanai study.Frontiers in aging · 2025Article
- Inflammation and olfactory loss are associated with at least 139 medical conditions.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOlfactory impairment is common in older adults and may be associated with adverse cardiovascular health; however, empirical evidence is sparse. We examined olfaction in relation to the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and congestive heart failure (CHF). METHODS AND
resultsThis study included 2537 older adults (aged 75.6±2.8 years) from the Health ABC (Health, Aging, and Body Composition) study with olfaction assessed by the 12-item Brief Smell Identification Test in 1999 to 2000, defined as poor (score ≤8), moderate (9-10), or good (11-12). The outcomes were incident CHD, stroke, and CHF. During up to a 12-year follow-up, 353 incident CHD, 258 stroke, and 477 CHF events were identified. Olfaction was statistically significantly associated with incident CHF, but not with CHD or stroke. After adjusting for demographics, risk factors, and biomarkers of CHF, the cause-specific hazard ratio (HR) of CHF was 1.32 (95% CI, 1.05-1.66) for moderate and 1.28 (95% CI, 1.01-1.64) for poor olfaction. These associations were robust in preplanned subgroup analyses by age, sex, race, and prevalent CHD/stroke. While the subgroup results were not statistically significantly different, the association of olfaction with CHF appeared to be evident among participants who reported very good to excellent health (HR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.01-2.14] for moderate; and 1.76 [95% CI, 1.20-2.58] for poor olfaction), but not among those with fair to poor self-reported health (HR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.64-1.70] for moderate; and 0.92 [95% CI, 0.58-1.47] for poor olfaction).
conclusionsIn community-dwelling older adults, a single olfaction test was associated with a long-term risk for incident CHF, particularly among those reporting very good to excellent health.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.