ArticleAmerican journal of health promotion : AJHP2024
Sex Differences in the Association of Depression Symptoms and Cardiovascular Disease in Adults in the United States.
Article in American journal of health promotion : AJHP, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Post-COVID syndrome in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh: a systematic narrative review of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and healthcare system responses.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Life's Simple 7, depressive symptoms, cognitive performance, and their associations with all-cause mortality among middle-aged urban adults.GeroScience · 2026Article
- New 10-Year Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score for Asian and American Indian Women Service Members.JACC. Asia · 2026Article
- Genetic perspectives on the comorbidity of anxiety and mood disorders with cardiovascular disease.Nature cardiovascular research · 2026Review
- Depressive symptoms and association with prevalent cardiovascular disease: A cross-sectional analysis in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular contributions to dementia: Examining sex differences and female-specific factors.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Sex-Related Differences in Outcomes of Endovascular Treatment in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke-Analyses From the German Stroke Registry-Endovascular Treatment.European journal of neurology · 2025Observational
- Association between life's crucial 9 and severe abdominal aortic calcification in U.S. Adults: the mediating role of the systemic inflammatory response index.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study explores the relationship between depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the US adult population, focusing on sex differences.
designCross-sectional study.
settingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2013-2018).
participantsA total of 14 699 community-dwelling adults (≥20 years). MEASURE: The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression screening tool assessed depressive symptoms. CVD events included heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina, heart attack, or stroke. ANALYSIS: Adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using a Poisson regression model.
resultsThe study finds a positive association between CVD incidents and both mild to moderate depressive symptoms (aPR:1.42, P = .002) and moderately severe to severe depression (aPR:1.72, P = .024). Overall, females exhibit a 47% lower likelihood of CVD incidents compared to males. However, in a subgroup analysis, increased depressive symptoms correlate with higher CVD incidents in females (aPRs range: 2.09 to 3.43, P < .001) compared to males (aPRs range: 1.45 to 1.77, P < .001).
conclusionDepression is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Females generally have a lower CVD risk than males, but more severe depressive symptoms elevate CVD risk in females. These findings emphasize the significance of considering sex differences. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms.
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