Understanding the need for pediatric neurodevelopmental services among households in western Kenya: A population-based study.

Introduction: Existing estimates of rates of childhood disability in Kenya are based on data with important limitations. Individual-level data on childhood disability at the local level is also lacking, leaving critical knowledge gaps for clinical and programmatic development. Objectives: We aimed to estimate the rates of children at-risk for disability, examine the external factors related to risk of childhood disability, and gain a better understanding of the challenges experienced by children at-risk for disabilities and their families within western Kenya. Methods: We conducted a small, cross-sectional randomized community survey to assess the rates of childhood disability across six administrative locations in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya, and to understand the experiences of these children and their caretakers. Results: Rate of childhood disability in Uasin Gishu county was estimated to be 5%, with the most common disabilities being mood disorders. Caretakers reported several barriers to accessing treatment for their children at-risk of having disabilities, including financial concerns and lack of transportation. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a need for improved access to care in this region, including addressing significant barriers to accessing care such as stigma and socioeconomic challenges. These community-level data will inform the development of future infrastructure and programming for this population.