ArticleNature communications2024
Differences in regional brain structure in toddlers with autism are related to future language outcomes.
Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multimodal predictors of spoken vocabulary development in autism: the role of early childhood brain and behavior.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Reduced Affiliative Behavior in Autism Reflects Greater Dependence on Perceived Similarity.Research square · 2026Article
- Teaching developmental neurobiology with inclusion and valuing of neurodivergent learners.Developmental biology · 2026Review
- Perinatal brain growth and autistic traits in toddlers.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Mapping along-tract commissural and association white matter microstructural differences in autistic children and young adults.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis: A Scoping Review of Face, Voice, and Text Analysis Methods.Health science reports · 2025Review
- Age-related differences in axon pruning and myelination may alter neural signaling in autism spectrum disorder.Molecular autism · 2025Article
- Sensory-movement underpinnings of lifelong neurodivergence: getting a grip on autism.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2025Article
- Differences in regional brain structure in toddlers with autism are related to future language outcomes.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Embryonic origin of two ASD subtypes of social symptom severity: the larger the brain cortical organoid size, the more severe the social symptoms.Molecular autism · 2024Article
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15 authors.
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Abstract
Language and social symptoms improve with age in some autistic toddlers, but not in others, and such outcome differences are not clearly predictable from clinical scores alone. Here we aim to identify early-age brain alterations in autism that are prognostic of future language ability. Leveraging 372 longitudinal structural MRI scans from 166 autistic toddlers and 109 typical toddlers and controlling for brain size, we find that, compared to typical toddlers, autistic toddlers show differentially larger or thicker temporal and fusiform regions; smaller or thinner inferior frontal lobe and midline structures; larger callosal subregion volume; and smaller cerebellum. Most differences are replicated in an independent cohort of 75 toddlers. These brain alterations improve accuracy for predicting language outcome at 6-month follow-up beyond intake clinical and demographic variables. Temporal, fusiform, and inferior frontal alterations are related to autism symptom severity and cognitive impairments at early intake ages. Among autistic toddlers, brain alterations in social, language and face processing areas enhance the prediction of the child's future language ability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.