ReviewAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2024
Gastrointestinal Permeation Enhancers Beyond Sodium Caprate and SNAC - What is Coming Next?
Review in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Emerging Technologies for Oral Peptide Delivery: From Bioinspired Systems to Smart Device-Assisted Drug Delivery.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cyclic Peptides in Modern Drug Discovery: Trends and Therapeutic Directions.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Therapeutic peptides and proteins: Status and developments in drug delivery.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Review
- Strategies for overcoming multiple barriers of oral administration of protein and peptide therapeutics.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Food-derived β-lactoglobulin nanofibrils: An efficacy, safe, and scalable solution to overcome oral insulin delivery challenges.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Inflammation-triggered self-immolative conjugates enable oral peptide delivery by overcoming gastrointestinal barriers.Science advances · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Oral Drug Delivery Systems for BCS III Drugs.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Navigating the complexity of oral peptide delivery: challenges and strategies to enhance oral bioavailability.Frontiers in drug delivery · 2026Review
- Food-derived molecules as regulators of intestinal tight junctions and barrier function: mechanisms and implications.Frontiers in drug delivery · 2026Review
- Oral Treatment of Obesity by GLP-1 and Its Analogs.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Progress in peptide and protein therapeutics: Challenges and strategies.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Permeation enhancer-induced membrane defects assist the oral absorption of peptide drugs.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Impact of Permeation Enhancers on the Release of Insulin from Tablets in Biorelevant Media.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Modification of Peptide and Permeation Enhancer In Vitro Release Rates by Dispersion with a Gel-Forming Polymer.Pharmaceutical research · 2025Article
- Gastrointestinal Permeation Enhancers Beyond Sodium Caprate and SNAC - What is Coming Next?Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- The Synthesis of SNAC Phenolate Salts and the Effect on Oral Bioavailability of Semaglutide.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Oral peptide delivery is trending again. Among the possible reasons are the recent approvals of two oral peptide formulations, which represent a huge stride in the field. For the first time, gastrointestinal (GI) permeation enhancers (PEs) are leveraged to overcome the main limitation of oral peptide delivery-low permeability through the intestinal epithelium. Despite some success, the application of current PEs, such as salcaprozate sodium (SNAC), sodium caprylate (C8), and sodium caprate (C10), is generally resulting in relatively low oral bioavailabilities (BAs)-even for carefully selected therapeutics. With several hundred peptide-based drugs presently in the pipeline, there is a huge unmet need for more effective PEs. Aiming to provide useful insights for the development of novel PEs, this review summarizes the biological hurdles to oral peptide delivery with special emphasis on the epithelial barrier. It describes the concepts and action modes of PEs and mentions possible new targets. It further states the benchmark that is set by current PEs, while critically assessing and evaluating emerging PEs regarding translatability, safety, and efficacy. Additionally, examples of novel PEs under preclinical and clinical evaluation and future directions are discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.