Trial reportJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2024
Effects of exercise or metformin on myokine concentrations in patients with breast and colorectal cancer: A phase II multi-centre factorial randomized trial.
Trial report in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06654206 (Effects of a Strength Physical Exercise Program in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients on Quality of Life, Mental Health, and Frailty.), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of a Strength Physical Exercise Program in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients on Quality of Life, Mental Health, and Frailty.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Randomized Controlled 'REAL-FITNESS' Trial to Evaluate Physical Activity in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Trial
- Effects of exercise or metformin on myokine concentrations in patients with breast and colorectal cancer: A phase II multi-centre factorial randomized trial.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2024Trial
- Article
- Skeletal muscle as an endocrine and paracrine organ in breast cancer biology: a narrative review.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- FFAR4 negatively regulates colorectal cancer growth via blocking oxidative phosphorylation.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Inpatient Rehabilitation Improves Physical and Mental Health in Multiple Myeloma: A Prospective Cohort Study.Cancers · 2026Article
- The relationship between sarcopenia and breast cancer: mechanistic pathways and clinical relevance.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- The Apelinergic System in Kidney Disease: Novel Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Which Approach to Choose to Counteract Musculoskeletal Aging? A Comprehensive Review on the Multiple Effects of Exercise.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Metformin in Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiological Evidence, Predictive Biomarkers, and Implications for Prevention and Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Exercise therapy: an effective approach to mitigate the risk of cancer metastasis.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Review
- The Influence of an Acute Endurance Intervention on Breast Cancer Cell Growth-A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Mechanisms, assessment, and exercise interventions for skeletal muscle dysfunction post-chemotherapy in breast cancer: from inflammation factors to clinical practice.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Effects of aerobic exercise on body composition and exerkines in colorectal cancer survivors.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPhysical activity and metformin pharmacotherapy are associated with improved clinical outcomes in breast and colorectal cancer survivors. Myokines are cytokines secreted from skeletal muscle that may mediate these associations.
methodsThis hypothesis-generating analysis used biospecimens collected from a multi-centre 2 × 2 factorial randomized design of 116 patients with stage I-III breast and colorectal cancer who were randomized to 12 weeks of (1) aerobic exercise (moderate intensity titrated to 220 min/week); (2) metformin (850 mg daily for 2 weeks and then titrated to 850 mg twice per day); (3) aerobic exercise and metformin; or (4) control. Fourteen myokines were quantified using a multiplex panel. Myokine concentrations were log-transformed, and main effects analyses were conducted using linear mixed-effects regression models. The type I error rate was controlled with the Holm sequential testing procedure.
resultsRandomization to exercise increased leukaemia inhibitory factor (1.26 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69, 1.84; adjusted P = 0.001) and interleukin-15 (2.23 pg/mL, 95% CI: 0.87, 3.60; adjusted P = 0.013) compared with randomization to no exercise. Randomization to metformin decreased apelin (-2.69 pg/mL, 95% CI: -4.31, -1.07; adjusted P = 0.014) and interleukin-15 (-1.74 pg/mL, 95% CI: -2.79, -0.69; adjusted P = 0.013) compared with randomization to no metformin. Metformin decreased myostatin, irisin, oncostatin M, fibroblast growth factor 21 and osteocrin; however, these changes were not statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons.
conclusionsThis pilot study demonstrates that randomization to exercise and metformin elicit unique effects on myokine concentrations in cancer patients. This hypothesis-generating observation warrants further basic, translational and clinical investigation and replication.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.