SynthesisBMC ophthalmology2024
What is the impact of microbiota on dry eye: a literature review of the gut-eye axis.
Synthesis in BMC ophthalmology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Short-Chain Fatty Acids and the Gut-Retina Connection: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- An oral coral-like resveratrol nanocomplex protects against dry eye disease through ocular and systemic redox homeostasis.Bioactive materials · 2027Article
- An Update and Overview of the Ocular and Extraocular Microbiome and Its Impact on Ophthalmic Care.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- From Health to Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Ocular Surface Microbiota and Detection Methods in Dry Eye.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- The protective potential of intestinal Bifidobacterium-derived extracellular vesicles with unique lipid composition against blue light-induced damage in retinal cells.Journal of food and drug analysis · 2026Article
- Integrative analysis of the meibum microbiome in dry eye disease: from dysbiosis and diagnostic biomarkers to immunomodulation by Bradyrhizobium-derived outer membrane vesicles.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- The Gut-Eye Axis and Microbiome in Ophthalmic Diseases: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Gut-ocular surface axis in dry eye disease: phenotype-specific mechanisms, evidence, and microbiome-targeted interventions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Nutraceutical Intervention of Probiotics in Vision Science: A Systematic Review of Evolving Perspective.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Dry Eye Disease: From Inflammation Pathways to Therapeutic Prospects.Stem cells international · 2026Review
- The Gut Microbiota: Emerging Evidence in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Immuno-inflammatory axis of menopausal dry eye: from hormonal fluctuations to ocular surface dysregulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The gut-eye axis in blinding eye diseases: microbiota-driven immune dysregulation and immunomodulatory therapies.International ophthalmology · 2025Review
- From Tears to Toxins: Mapping Antibiotic Passage Through the Eye-Liver Axis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Early-stage diabetic retinopathy: gut-metabolic triggers, immune-neurodegeneration, and interventions.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Review
- The Ocular Surface Microbiome in Homeostasis and Dysbiosis.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Review
- Management Strategies for Dry Eye Syndrome in Patients with Obesity-A Literature Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Exploring the immunomodulatory mechanism of total glucosides of paeony on Sjögren's syndrome dry eye disease based on the "gut-eye axis" pathway.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Overview of Microorganisms: Bacterial Microbiome, Mycobiome, Virome Identified Using Next-Generation Sequencing, and Their Application to Ophthalmic Diseases.Microorganisms · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDry eye is a chronic and multifactorial ocular surface disease caused by tear film instability or imbalance in the microenvironment of the ocular surface. It can lead to various discomforts such as inflammation of the ocular surface and visual issues. However, the mechanism of dry eye is not clear, which results in dry eye being only relieved but not cured in clinical practice. Finding multiple environmental pathways for dry eye and exploring the pathogenesis of dry eye have become the focus of research. Studies have found that changes in microbiota may be related to the occurrence and development of dry eye disease.
methodsEntered the keywords "Dry eye", "Microbiota", "Bacteria" through PUBMED, summarised the articles that meet the inclusion criteria and then filtered them while the publication time range of the literature was defined in the past 5 years, with a deadline of 2023.A total of 13 clinical and 1 animal-related research articles were screened out and included in the summary.
resultsStudy found that different components of bacteria can induce ocular immune responses through different receptors present on the ocular surface, thereby leading to an imbalance in the ocular surface microenvironment. Changes in the ocular surface microbiota and gut microbiota were also found when dry eye syndrome occurs, including changes in diversity, an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria, and a decrease in short-chain fatty acid-related bacterial genera that produce anti-inflammatory effects. Fecal microbiota transplantation or probiotic intervention can alleviate signs of inflammation on the ocular surface of dry eye animal models.
conclusionsBy summarizing the changes in the ocular surface and intestinal microbiota when dry eye occurs, it is speculated and concluded that the intestine may affect the occurrence of eye diseases such as dry eye through several pathways and mechanisms, such as the occurrence of abnormal immune responses, microbiota metabolites- intervention of short-chain fatty acids, imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, and release of neurotransmitters, etc. Analyzing the correlation between the intestinal tract and the eyes from the perspective of microbiota can provide a theoretical basis and a new idea for relieving dry eyes in multiple ways in the future.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.