SynthesisItalian journal of pediatrics2024
Effect of probiotics on children with autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Italian journal of pediatrics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Anti-Inflammatory Diet and Probiotic Supplementation as Strategies to Modulate Immune Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Clinical Efficacy of Probiotics for Allergic Rhinitis: Results of an Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Research Progress on Bidirectional Regulation of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Autism Spectrum Disorder Based on the Immune-Metabolic-Endocrine Interactive Network.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Article
- Medical treatment of autism spectrum disorder in children: Current evidence, controversies, and clinical challenges.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Article
- Development of a Metagenomics-Guided Personalized Synbiotic Protocol for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Exploratory Case Series.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Pediatrics advances in 2024: choices in allergy, cardiology, critical care, endocrinology, gastroenterology, immunology, infectious diseases, neonatology, nephrology, neurology, nutrition, palliative care respiratory tract illnesses, and social media.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Review
- The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Autism: Associations, Causal Inference, and Interventions-A Narrative Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Redox Revolution in Brain Medicine: Targeting Oxidative Stress with AI, Multi-Omics and Mitochondrial Therapies for the Precision Eradication of Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Oral Implications, and Oral Microbiota.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Critical Appraisal of Systematic Reviews Assessing Gut Microbiota and Effect of Probiotic Supplementation in Children with ASD-An Umbrella Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Modeling and scientific analysis of pediatric medication evaluation based on MDM-DEA-Malmquist model: construction of health management in pediatrics in developing countries.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Intervention and research progress of gut microbiota-immune-nervous system in autism spectrum disorders among students.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- The microbiota-gut-brain axis and central nervous system diseases: from mechanisms of pathogenesis to therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- The Effect of Probiotics and Microbiota on Nervous System and Mental Illnesses.Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- The Microbiome-Genetics Axis in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Probiotic Perspective.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Harnessing the Gut Microbiome: To What Extent Can Pre-/Probiotics Alleviate Immune Activation in Autism Spectrum Disorder?Nutrients · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundResearches have found that alteration of intestinal flora may be closely related to the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, whether probiotics supplementation has a protective effect on ASD remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the outcome of probiotics in the treatment of ASD children.
methodsThe Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase were searched until Sep 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) relevant to the probiotics and placebo treatment on ASD children were screened. Quality assessment of the included RCTs was evaluated by the Cochrane collaboration's tool. The primary outcomes were ASD assessment scales, including ABC (aberrant behavior checklist) and CBCL (child behavior checklist) for evaluating the behavior improvement, SRS (social responsiveness scale) for social assessment, DQ (developmental quotient) for physical and mental development and CGI-I (clinical global impression improvement) for overall improvement. The secondary outcome was total 6-GSI (gastrointestinal severity index).
resultsIn total, 6 RCTs from 6 studies with 302 children were included in the systemic review. Total 6-GSI (MD=-0.59, 95%CI [-1.02,-0.17], P < 0.05) decreased significantly after oral administration of probiotics. Whereas, there was no statistical difference in ABC, CBCL, SRS, DQ and CGI-I between probiotics and placebo groups in ASD children.
conclusionProbiotics treatment could improve gastrointestinal symptoms, but there was no significant improvement in ASD.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.