ReviewClinical reviews in allergy & immunology2024
Down Syndrome and Autoimmune Disease.
Review in Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Revisiting down syndrome through the lens of interferonopathy and innate immune dysregulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Association of Childhood Acute Leukemia With Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis vaccination and risk for incident dementia among adults with down syndrome.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Article
- Death in People with Down syndrome: Mortality statistics and novel predictors in US Medicaid and Medicare enrolled adults.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Endocrine and Digestive Disorders Arising in Childhood in Down Syndrome and Their Cross-Talk.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Selective chr21 homolog silencing reveals polymorphisms influence the epigenetic silencing and functional dosage of RWDD2B.American journal of human genetics · 2026Article
- Immunometabolic interactions in individuals with down syndrome across childhood, adolescence and adulthood in relation to their siblings.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- JAK Inhibitors for Alopecia Areata: Approved Therapies, Efficacy, and Unanswered Questions.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Selective chr21 homolog silencing reveals polymorphisms influence the epigenetic silencing and functional dosage of RWDD2B.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- [Autoimmune Regulatory Gene (AIRE) and Development of Autoimmune Thyroiditis in Down Syndrome].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2025Article
- JAK Inhibitors in Down Syndrome: Alopecia Areata Resolution and Vitiligo Improvement with Baricitinib.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2025Article
- Neurological Complications in Inborn Errors of Immunity: A Scoping Review of Clinical Spectrum, Pathophysiological Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Strategies.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Article
- Calcineurin inhibition may prevent Alzheimer disease in people with Down syndrome.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Down syndrome burden in China and globally: a comparative analysis of 1990-2021 trends and future projections based on GBD 2021 database.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis and nanophthalmos in Gabriele-de Vries syndrome: a case report.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Down Syndrome in Children: A Primary Immunodeficiency with Immune Dysregulation.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Cytokine-driven recurrent pericarditis in Down syndrome: Role of pericardial fluid analysis and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.Annals of pediatric cardiologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Down syndrome is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability and has previously been associated with a variety of autoimmune disorders affecting multiple organ systems. The high prevalence of autoimmune disease, in conjunction with other inflammatory and infectious diseases, in this population suggests an intrinsic immune dysregulation associated with triplication of chromosome 21. Emerging data on the role of chromosome 21 in interferon activation, cytokine production, and activation of B-cell mediated autoimmunity are emerging hypotheses that may explain the elevated prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease, celiac disease, type I diabetes, autoimmune skin disease, and a variety of autoimmune neurologic conditions. As the life expectancy for individuals with Down syndrome increases, knowledge of the epidemiology, clinical features, management and underlying causes of these conditions will become increasingly important. Disorders such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis are prevalent in between 13 and 34% of individuals with Down syndrome but only 3% of the neurotypical population, a pattern similarly recognized in individuals with Celiac Disease (5.8% v 0.5-2%), alopecia areata (27.7% v. 2%), and vitiligo (4.4% v. 0.05-1.55%), respectively. Given the chronicity of autoimmune conditions, early identification and management can significantly impact the quality of life of individuals with Down syndrome. This comprehensive review will highlight common clinical autoimmune conditions observed in individuals with Down syndrome and explore our current understanding of the mechanisms of disease in this population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.