ArticleAnnals of family medicine2024
Long-Term Sulfonylurea Use and Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Taiwan.
Article in Annals of family medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Propolis effects on blood sugar and lipid metabolism, inflammatory indicators, and oxidative stress in people with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Impaired awareness of hypoglycemia: can structured education address this persistent challenge?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Synergism of Synthetic Sulfonamides and Natural Antioxidants for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Oxidative Stress.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Review
- VDAC1 is a target for pharmacologically induced insulin hypersecretion in β cells.Cell reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeWe undertook a study to investigate the relationship between duration of medication use and prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) among patients with insulin-treated or sulfonylurea-treated type 2 diabetes in Taiwan.
methodsA total of 898 patients (41.0% insulin users, 65.1% sulfonylurea users; mean [SD] age = 59.9 [12.3] years, 50.7% female) were enrolled in pharmacies, clinics, and health bureaus of Tainan City, Taiwan. Presence of IAH was determined with Chinese versions of the Gold questionnaire (Gold-TW) and Clarke questionnaire (Clarke-TW). Sociodemographics, disease and treatment histories, diabetes-related medical care, and health status were collected. We used multiple logistic regression models to assess the relationship between duration of medication use and IAH.
resultsOverall IAH prevalence was 41.0% (Gold-TW) and 28.2% (Clarke-TW) among insulin users, and 65.3% (Gold-TW) and 51.3% (Clarke-TW) among sulfonylurea users. Prevalence increased with the duration of sulfonylurea use, whereas it decreased with the duration of insulin use. After controlling for potential confounders, 5 or more years of sulfonylurea use was significantly associated with 3.50-fold (95% CI, 2.39-5.13) and 3.06-fold (95% CI, 2.11-4.44) increases in the odds of IAH based on the Gold-TW and Clarke-TW criteria, respectively. On the other hand, regular blood glucose testing and retinal examinations were associated with reduced odds in both insulin users and sulfonylurea users.
conclusionsThe prevalence of IAH was high among patients using sulfonylureas long term, but the odds of this complication were attenuated for those who received regular diabetes-related medical care. Our study suggests that long-term sulfonylurea use and irregular follow-up increase risk for IAH. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the observed associations.
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