ReviewJournal of diabetes and metabolic disorders2024
Effect of metformin (vs. placebo or sulfonylurea) on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and incident cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analysis.
Review in Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- RETRACTED: Cardiovascular and mortality outcomes of DPP-4 inhibitors vs. sulfonylureas as metformin add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025 · on this mapPooled it
- [Cardiovascular diseases and heart failure in diabetes: diagnostics and management (Update 2026)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Review
- Metformin Beyond Glycemic Control: Cardiovascular Protection and Diabetes Prevention.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- 9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Repurposing metformin for cardioprotection: mechanisms and therapeutic potential across cardiovascular pathologies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Metformin-Enhanced Digital Therapeutics for the Affordable Primary Prevention of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: Advancing Low-Cost Solutions for Lifestyle-Related Chronic Disorders.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Activation and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Inhibition: A Mechanistic Rationale for Anti-Aging Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2025Review
- Metformin: Old Drug, New Therapeutic Potential in the Skin? A Brief Narrative Review.Advances in therapy · 2025Review
- The association between duration of metformin and sulfonylurea treatment and microvascular complications in patients with incident type 2 diabetes: a pooled cohort analysis.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Metformin use in prediabetes: A review of evidence and a focus on metabolic features among peri-menopausal women.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Application of interpretable machine learning algorithms to predict macroangiopathy risk in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Medication time of metformin and sulfonylureas and incidence of cardiovascular diseases and mortality in type 2 diabetes: a pooled cohort analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- 9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025.Diabetes care · 2025 · on this mapReview
- The association between variability of risk factors and complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: The current umbrella review aimed to evaluate the effect of metformin on all-cause mortality (ACM), cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence in DM patients. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases were searched with special keywords. Related studies were included after screening by two independent investigators based on title and full texts. The AMSTAR2 checklist was used to assess the quality of studies, and Cochran tests were used to assess the heterogeneity between studies. Overall, seventeen systematic reviews and meta-analysis studies were included. The results revealed that the risk of ACM in patients who received metformin was lower than in patients who did not receive metformin. (OR: 0.80, 95% CI:0.744,0.855); also, the risk of CVD mortality in metformin patients was lower than in the other two groups (placebo and other anti-diabetic drugs) (OR: 0.771, 95% CI:0.688,0.853, P:0.001). The risk of CVD in metformin users was also lower than in the other two groups (OR: 0.828, 95% CI:0.781,0.785). Summary: This comprehensive review showed that the risk of ACM, death due to CVD, and incidents of CVD in DM who use metformin was lower than the patients who received a placebo only or other diabetic drugs, which can guide clinicians in medical decision-making. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01309-y.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.