ArticleCirculation2024
Associations of Urban Blue and Green Spaces With Coronary Artery Calcification in Black Individuals and Disadvantaged Neighborhoods.
Article in Circulation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association of residential greenness and Life's Essential 8 with cardiovascular disease in China.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Association and Interaction of Neighborhood Environment and Social Factors With Blood Glucose Among Adult Residents: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Increasing Urban Tree Canopy Associated With Reduced Mortality: A Longitudinal Analysis of Chicago Neighborhoods.GeoHealth · 2026Article
- Residential Greenness and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease Following COVID-19: A Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Air Pollution Within the Public Health Exposome Framework: Impacts on Cardiovascular Health.Current epidemiology reports · 2026Review
- Imaging Findings Associated With Socioenvironmental Exposures Inform Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Disease.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2025Review
- Long-term adiposity in early adulthood affects coronary artery calcification incidence in midlife: a 25-year longitudinal study.European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging · 2025Article
- Long-Term Estimated Physical Activity Patterns From Youth to Middle Age and Left Ventricular Structure and Function: A 30-Year Longitudinal Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal effects of urban micro-scale built environment on cardiovascular diseases.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The application of neighborhood area deprivation index to improve health equity across the spectrum of heart failure: a review.Heart failure reviews · 2025Review
- Built Environment and Cardiovascular Diseases - Insights from a Global Review.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
- Getting to the Heart of the Matter: Exploring the Intersection of Cardiovascular Disease, Sex and Race and How Exercise, and Gut Microbiota Influence these Relationships.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Exposomic Determinants of Atherosclerosis: Recent Evidence.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProximity to urban blue and green spaces has been associated with improved cardiovascular health; however, few studies have examined the role of race and socioeconomic status in these associations.
methodsData were from the CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults). We included longitudinal measurements (1985-1986 to 2010-2011) of blue and green spaces, including percentage of blue space cover, distance to the nearest river, green space cover, and distance to the nearest major park. Presence of coronary artery calcification (CAC) was measured with noncontrast cardiac computed tomography in 2010 to 2011. The associations of blue and green spaces with CAC were assessed with generalized estimating equation regression with adjustment for demographics, individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status, health-related behaviors, and other health conditions. We conducted stratified analyses by race and neighborhood deprivation score to investigate whether the association varied according to social determinants of health.
resultsThe analytic sample included 1365 Black and 1555 White participants with a mean±SD age of 50.1±3.6 years. Among Black participants, shorter distance to a river and greater green space cover were associated with lower odds of CAC (per interquartile range decrease [1.45 km] to the river: odds ratio [OR], 0.90 [95% CI, 0.84-0.96]; per 10 percentage-point increase of green space cover: OR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.75-0.95]). Among participants in deprived neighborhoods, greater green space cover was associated with lower odds of CAC (per a 10 percentage-point increase: OR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.80-0.99]), whereas shorter distance to the park was associated with higher odds of CAC (per an interquartile range decrease [5.3 km]: OR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.00-1.15]). Black participants in deprived neighborhoods had lower odds of CAC with shorter distance to a river (per an interquartile range decrease: OR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.82-0.98]) and greater green space cover (per a 10 percentage-point increase: OR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.75-0.97]). There was no statistical interaction between the blue and green spaces and race or neighborhood characteristics in association with CAC.
conclusionsLongitudinally, shorter distance to a river and greater green space cover were associated with less CAC among Black participants and those in deprived neighborhoods. Shorter distance to a park was associated with increased odds of CAC among participants in deprived neighborhoods. Black participants residing in more deprived neighborhoods showed lower odds of CAC in association with greater exposure to river and green space cover.
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