SynthesisJournal of autism and developmental disorders2025
Racial Differences in the Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bridging the Gap: Barriers to Access Autism Support for Immigrant and Refugee Communities in Canada and the United States.Journal of transcultural nursing : official journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society · 2026Article
- Understanding inequities in accessing neurodevelopmental pathways: a multiple methods study investigating healthcare professionals' views on access for minoritised ethnic families.BMJ mental health · 2026Article
- The neurodivergent blood donor: Fairness, discrimination, screening, and behavior.Transfusion · 2026Article
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and HIV: implications for risk, outcomes, and care for neurodivergent people.Topics in antiviral medicine · 2026Review
- Persistent homology of blood gene co-expression networks reveals reduced cycle structure in autism spectrum disorder: a multi-cohort analysis.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2026Article
- Trends in Self-Reported Autism Among Adults in England: Analysis of a Repeated Cross-Sectional Patient Survey Series of 5,999,433 Adults.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Co-occurring Mental, Neurodevelopmental and Neurological Conditions in Medicaid Beneficiaries With Autism.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Understanding Barriers to Caregiver Support Engagement During Their Autistic Youth's Transition to Adulthood: A Qualitative Analysis of Parental Perspectives.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Prenatal exposure to extreme heat and autism in children.The Science of the total environment · 2026Article
- Genome-wide investigation highlights global and local pleiotropy linking neurodevelopmental disorders to acquired hearing problems.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Understanding disparities in autism diagnosis and care: A socioecological perspective.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- How Diagnostically Accurate are #Autism Portrayals? A Latent Space Item Response Modeling Approach.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Leveraging and Harnessing Generative Artificial Intelligence to Mitigate the Burden of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs) in Children.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Impact of Preterm Birth Subtype on Risk of Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders in the Offspring.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Autistic Traits and Emotion Dysregulation in 5-11-Year-Old Intellectually Able Children With Autism Spectrum Condition: Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Strategies.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Article
- Autism and Medical Complexity Among Children in the United States.Pediatrics · 2025Article
- Physical activity and addressing emotional needs can help reduce medication dependence in autism.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Review
- Gender Dysphoria and Related Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Bilingual Review of the Literature.Brain sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeRacial differences in prevalence rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have shifted in the United States (US) since the 1990s. This review addresses the nature and context of this shift and discusses potential contributing factors and areas for future research.
methodsSeventeen population-based epidemiological birth cohort studies on ASD prevalence in the US that included race as a variable are included in the review. Studies were identified via a keyword search on PubMed. To be included, studies were required to include race or ethnicity as a variable in the prevalence estimates, include at least 1000 cases with autism, and be published in English by June 3rd, 2023.
resultsResults suggest that in nearly all birth cohorts prior to 2010, ASD prevalence rates were highest among White children. ASD prevalence rates among Black, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander (API) children (22.3, 22.5, and 22.2 per 1000, respectively) surpassed prevalence rates among White children (21.2 per 1000) in the 2010 birth cohort and continued to increase in the 2012 birth cohorts.
conclusionsThere are persistent racial differences in ASD prevalence in the US, and these differences were inverted after 2010, when ASD prevalence among Black, Hispanic, & API children surpassed ASD prevalence among White children. Possible drivers of this racial repatterning of ASD prevalence include changes in ASD screening and diagnosis, changes to health insurance policy, changes to immigration policy, and increased education attainment by minority groups.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.