SynthesisAnnals of internal medicine2024
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers for Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease : A Systematic Review and Retrospective Individual Participant-Level Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials.
Synthesis in Annals of internal medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2026Guideline
- Effects of Aliskiren Monotherapy on Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Blood Pressure and Urinary Protein Excretion Outcomes.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2026Pooled it
- The therapeutic approach to cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Hypertensive Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Guidelines vs. Randomized Controlled Trials Evidence Gaps.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Missing Opportunity for Nephroprotective Therapy in Patients With Non-Dialysis CKD Under Stable Nephrology Care.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) are not nephrotoxic - they protect the kidneys and the heart.Clinical medicine (London, England) · 2026Review
- Moving Mendelian Randomization From Traditional Risk Factors to Molecular Targets for Drug Development and Clinical Trials in Nephrology.Kidney international reports · 2026Review
- The Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease-CKD Axis: Intersecting Pathways and Opportunities for Early Intervention.Kidney international reports · 2026Review
- Ketone Body Supplementation Exerts Renoprotective Effects Against Adenine-Induced Kidney Injury via OXCT1-Mediated Ketolysis in Mice.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease: From Epidemiology and Pathophysiology to Clinical Prediction and Treatment Options.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2026Review
- Hypertension in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: Saving the Kidneys or the Heart?Advances in kidney disease and health · 2026Review
- Observational
- Chronic kidney disease onset, progression, and cardiovascular outcomes: proteomics informs biology and risk stratification.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Organ cross-talk: molecular mechanisms, biological functions, and therapeutic interventions for diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Drugs to Slow Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: It Is a Whole New World!Kidney & blood pressure research · 2026Review
- Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding metabolic complication management after solid organ transplantation among medical staff in China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- What to do with key cardiovascular drugs when kidney function worsens?Clinical kidney journal · 2026Review
- Article
- Paradoxical sex differences in a hamster model of angiotensin II-dependent hypertension and associated renal injury.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Pillar Risk-Based Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), the effects of initiating treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) on the risk for kidney failure with replacement therapy (KFRT) and death remain unclear. PURPOSE: To examine the association of ACEi or ARB treatment initiation, relative to a non-ACEi or ARB comparator, with rates of KFRT and death. DATA SOURCES: Ovid Medline and the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration Clinical Trials Consortium from 1946 through 31 December 2023. STUDY SELECTION: Completed randomized controlled trials testing either an ACEi or an ARB versus a comparator (placebo or antihypertensive drugs other than ACEi or ARB) that included patients with a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 30 mL/min/1.73 m DATA EXTRACTION: The primary outcome was KFRT, and the secondary outcome was death before KFRT. Analyses were done using Cox proportional hazards models according to the intention-to-treat principle. Prespecified subgroup analyses were done according to baseline age (<65 vs. ≥65 years), eGFR (<20 vs. ≥20 mL/min/1.73 m DATA SYNTHESIS: A total of 1739 participants from 18 trials were included, with a mean age of 54.9 years and mean eGFR of 22.2 mL/min/1.73 m LIMITATION: Individual participant-level data for hyperkalemia or acute kidney injury were not available.
conclusionInitiation of ACEi or ARB therapy protects against KFRT, but not death, in people with advanced CKD. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National Institutes of Health. (PROSPERO: CRD42022307589).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.