ReviewInfection2024
Post-tuberculosis treatment paradoxical reactions.
Review in Infection, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Isolated Central Nervous System Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome-Case Report and Literature Review.Respirology case reports · 2026Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of ependymal tuberculosis in patients with intracranial tuberculosis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Dual paradoxical reactions in tuberculous lymphadenitis during and after pregnancy: A case report.Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2026Article
- Prolonged Paradoxical TB-IRIS: 2 Case Reports and a Review of the Literature.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Endoscopic transclival decompression for ventral brainstem tuberculous abscess: illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2026Article
- Analysis of High-Risk Factors for Tuberculosis Retreatment Based on Machine Learning and Latent Class Analysis.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Post-treatment paradoxical reaction in tuberculous flexor tenosynovitis with rice bodies after a cat bite.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2026Article
- When tuberculosis turns critical: a rare constellation of severe complications.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2026Article
- The progress of tuberculous meningitis medical management in adults.Surgical neurology international · 2026Review
- Vestibulocochlear Neuritis as a Paradoxical Reaction in an Immunocompetent Patient with Tuberculous Meningitis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Late-onset paradoxical response 11 years after treatment of tuberculous hepatic abscesses in an HIV-negative patient: a case report and literature review.Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- The Appearance of Osteomyelitis of the Foot and Disseminated Subcutaneous Abscesses During Treatment for Disseminated Tuberculosis Infection in an Immunocompetent Patient: Case Presentation of a Paradoxical Reaction and Literature Review.Infectious disease reports · 2025Article
- Computed tomography imaging characteristics of paradoxical reactions in perihepatic and hepatic tuberculosis.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Article
- Inclusion of patient-centered, non-microbiological endpoints and biomarkers in tuberculosis drug trials.Frontiers in antibiotics · 2025Review
- A Rare Paradoxical Reaction in Cutaneous Tuberculosis: Insight from a Case of Lupus Vulgaris.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Paradoxical reactions (PR) to tuberculosis (TB) treatment are common during treatment, but have also been described after treatment. A presentation with recurrent signs or symptoms of TB after cure or completion of prior treatment needs to be differentiated between microbiological relapse and a paradoxical reaction. We searched all published literature on post-treatment PR, and present a synthesis of 30 studies, focusing on the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of this phenomenon. We report an additional case vignette. The majority of studies were of lymph node TB (LN-TB), followed by central nervous system TB (CNS-TB). A total of 112 confirmed and 42 possible post-treatment PR cases were reported. The incidence ranged between 3 and 14% in LN-TB and was more frequent than relapses, and between 0 and 2% in all TB. We found four reports of pulmonary or pleural TB post-treatment PR cases. The incidence did not differ by length of treatment, but was associated with younger age at initial diagnosis, and having had a PR (later) during treatment. Post-treatment PR developed mainly within the first 6 months after the end of TB treatment but has been reported many years later (longest report 10 years). The mainstays of diagnosis and management are negative mycobacterial cultures and anti-inflammatory treatment, respectively. Due to the favourable prognosis in LN-TB recurrent symptoms, a short period of observation is warranted to assess for spontaneous regression. In CNS-TB with recurrent symptoms, immediate investigation and anti-inflammatory treatment with the possibility of TB retreatment should be undertaken.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.