ArticlePhysiological reports2024
Intermuscular adipose tissue accumulation is associated with higher tissue sodium in healthy individuals.
Article in Physiological reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04067752 (Nutrition, Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in End-Stage Renal Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Nutrition, Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in End-Stage Renal Disease
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Randomized Crossover Trial of Low Sodium Dialysate on Tissue Sodium Accumulation in Hemodialysis.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Macrophage and fibro-adipogenic progenitor communication in skeletal muscle regeneration: tissue homeostasis and pathogenic remodeling.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2026Review
- Intramuscular adipose tissue: from progenitor to pathology.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025Review
- Intermuscular adipose tissue accumulation is associated with higher tissue sodium in healthy individuals.Physiological reports · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsHigh tissue sodium accumulation and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) are associated with aging, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. In this study, we aim to investigate whether high lower-extremity tissue sodium accumulation relates to IMAT quantity and whether systemic inflammatory mediators and adipocytokines contribute to such association.
methodsTissue sodium content and IMAT accumulation (percentage of IMAT area to muscle area) were measured in 83 healthy individuals using sodium imaging (
resultsMedian (interquartile range) muscle and skin sodium contents were 16.6 (14.9, 19.0) and 12.6 (10.9, 16.7) mmol/L, respectively. Median IMAT was 3.69 (2.80, 5.37) %. In models adjusted for age, sex, BMI, GDR, adiponectin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, increasing tissue sodium content was significantly associated with higher IMAT quantity (p = 0.018 and 0.032 for muscle and skin tissue sodium, respectively). In subgroup analysis stratified by sex, skin sodium was significantly associated with IMAT only among men. In interaction analysis, the association between skin sodium and IMAT was greater with increasing levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 (p for interaction = 0.022 and 0.006, respectively).
conclusionsLeg muscle and skin sodium are associated with IMAT quantity among healthy individuals. The relationship between skin sodium and IMAT may be mediated by systemic inflammation.
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