Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38970128›Full record

ArticleArchives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique2024

Determinants of mortality status and population attributable risk fractions of the North West Province, South African site of the international PURE study.

Cristian Ricci, Iolanthe M Kruger, Herculina S Kruger, Yolandi Breet, Sarah J Moss, Abie van Oort, Petra Bester, Marlien Pieters

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In one paragraph

Article in Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Cristian RicciAfrica Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, North- West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Iolanthe M KrugerAfrica Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, North- West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Herculina S KrugerCentre of Excellence for Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Yolandi BreetSAMRC Extramural Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Sarah J MossPhysical activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Abie van OortPhysical activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Petra BesterAfrica Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, North- West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Marlien PietersCentre of Excellence for Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa. marlien.pieters@nwu.ac.za.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMortality data and comparative risk assessments from sub-Saharan Africa are limited. There is an urgent need for high quality population health surveys to be conducted, to improve the national health surveillance system. Our aim was to perform a comparative risk assesment and report on the mortality status and cause of death data of participants from a South African site of the international Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study.

methods1 921 Black participants were included, with a median observational time of 13 years resulting in 21 525 person-years. We performed a comparative risk assessment considering four health status domains: locality (rural vs. urban), socio-economic status (SES) (education and employment), lifestyle factors (physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption) and prevalent diseases (human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension). Next, population-attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated to determine the mortality risk attributable to modifiable determinants.

results577 all-cause deaths occurred. Infectious diseases (28.1% of all deaths) were the most frequent cause of death, followed by cardiovascular disease (CVD) (22.4%), respiratory diseases (11.6%) and cancer (11.1%). The three main contributors to all-cause mortality were HIV infection, high SES and being underweight. HIV infection and underweight were the main contributors to infectious disease mortality and hypertension, the urban environment, and physical inactivity to CVD mortality. HIV had the highest PAF, followed by physical inactivity, alcohol and tobacco use and hypertension (for CVD mortality).

conclusionThis African population suffers from a quadruple burden of disease. Urban locality, high SES, prevalent disease (HIV and hypertension) and lifestyle factors (physical inactivity, tobacco and alcohol use) all contributed in varying degrees to all-cause and cause-specific mortalities. Our data confirm the public health importance of addressing HIV and hypertension, but also highlights the importance of physical inactivity, tobacco use and alcohol consumption as focal points for public health strategies to produce the most efficient mortality reduction outcomes.

Indexed as

AfricanCause of deathComparative risk assessmentMortalityPopulation-attributable fractions

Identifiers

PMID38970128
PMCPMC11225367

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.