Trial reportDiabetologia2024
Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide vs sitagliptin in a predominantly Chinese population with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled with metformin: PIONEER 12, a double-blind, Phase IIIa, randomised trial.
Trial report in Diabetologia, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT04017832. Cited by 12 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
China Multi-regional Clinical Trial: Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Sitagliptin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Metformin
Open the trial in the graphWho cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effect of oral semaglutide on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese individuals with or without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026 · on this mapPooled it
- Ocular Adverse Events With Semaglutide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of semaglutide on arrhythmic, major cardiovascular, and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025 · on this mapPooled it
- Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in Chinese participants with type 2 diabetes: Subgroup analyses by baseline characteristics in the PIONEER 11 and 12 randomised controlled trials.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Trial
- Use of Oral Semaglutide and Associated Clinical Outcomes in Thai Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Real-World Evidence From the REALISED Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- PIONEER REAL Saudi Arabia: A multicentre, prospective, real-world study of once-daily oral semaglutide use in adults with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Pharmacological Management of Diabesity: Current and Emerging Therapies.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Progress in peptide and protein therapeutics: Challenges and strategies.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- The expanding role of semaglutide: beyond glycemic control.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Semaglutide as a GLP-1 Agonist: A Breakthrough in Obesity Treatment.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide in Asians and Non-Asians Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025Article
- A Bioequivalence Study of Two Formulations of Oral Semaglutide in Healthy Participants.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aims/hypothesisThe aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide vs sitagliptin in a predominantly Chinese population with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin treatment.
methodsThe Peptide Innovation for Early Diabetes Treatment (PIONEER) 12 trial was a randomised, double-dummy, active-controlled, parallel-group, Phase IIIa trial conducted over 26 weeks at 90 sites across the China region (including mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong) and five other countries. Adults aged ≥18 years (≥20 years in Taiwan) with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, HbA
resultsOf 1839 participants screened, 1441 were randomly assigned to oral semaglutide 3 mg (n=361), 7 mg (n=360), 14 mg (n=361) or sitagliptin 100 mg (n=359) and included in the FAS. A total of 1438 participants were included in the SAS. In total, 75.2% of participants were from the China region. A total of 1372 (95.2%) participants completed the trial and 130 participants prematurely discontinued treatment (8.3%, 8.6% and 15.0% for oral semaglutide 3 mg, 7 mg and 14 mg, respectively; 4.2% for sitagliptin 100 mg). Significantly greater reductions in HbA CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationSignificantly greater reductions in both HbA
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04017832.
fundingThis trial was funded by Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.